Chapter 05 Quiz A with Explanations

. What role did geography play in the economic, political, and cultural development of India?

India served as a major crossroads between China, central Asia, and the Mediterranean worlds.

Like Greece, India had few natural resources and was forced to turn outward.

India was isolated by mountains and oceans, focusing development inward.

India suffered constant natural disasters, which limited its development.

. Which religion, established in the sixth century B.C.E., was committed to total nonviolence?

Jainism

Buddhism

Stoicism

Hinduism

. Bodhisattvas, or enlightened beings, could be found in what form of Buddhism?

Hinayana

Mahayana

Mahavira

Dharma

. What was a key factor in the Vedic tradition's evolution into "Hinduism" during the sixth century B.C.E.?

It eliminated the class differences inherent in the caste system.

It promoted education as a method to retain followers.

It widened the tradition's appeal by incorporating elements of Buddhism and Jainism.

It fostered alliances with rulers to persecute competitive religions.

. How was the Gupta's administration of India different from its Mauryan predecessor?

It was even more centralized and authoritarian.

It relied on a large cadre of Buddhist monks.

It was far less centralized.

It was divided into five ministries.

. Two important Indian epics written down around 100 B.C.E. are the Mahabharata and the

Analects.

Arthasastra.

Iliad.

Ramayana.

. Which Chinese philosopher emphasized the role of social hierarchy in guiding proper conduct?

Shi Huangdi

Kalidasa

Xunzi

Confucius

. Which Confucian philosopher argued that people are generally good and act with compassion toward one another?

Xunzi

Laozi

Mencius

Shang Yang

. In the Han period, how was Daoism distinct from Confucianism?

It emphasized the civic responsibilities of the individual.

It emphasized concepts imported from India.

It emphasized disengagement from public life and meditation.

It emphasized harsh laws in order to obtain social stability.

. According to the precepts of legalism, which two professions contribute the most to the state?

Artisans and merchants

Farmers and soldiers

Merchants and farmers

Bureaucrats and soldiers

. A major development in warfare between 771 and 221 B.C.E. was the introduction of

war chariots.

iron weapons.

the phalanx.

gunpowder.

. The ruler who unified China and created a strong centralized state after 221 B.C.E. was

Shi Huangdi.

Confucius.

Lord Shang.

Liu Bang.

. Emperor Wu, through his centralization of the education system and the establishment of an exam system to place new bureaucrats, established what philosophy as the basis for the Chinese state?

Legalism

Buddhism

Confucianism

Daoism

. One of the major causes for the fall of the Han dynasty was

the invasion of nomadic peoples from the north.

the collapse of the silk trade.

the growth in power of the local landed gentry.

the growing support of legalism by the army.

. During the Later Han period, who wrote an important work on the role of women in a Confucian household?

Ban Gu

Laozi

Sima Qian

Ban Zhao

. What was a significant outcome of the growth of Athenian power and wealth in the fifth century B.C.E.?

It led to the rise of an Athenian monarchy.

It led to the Athenian conquest of Egypt.

It led to a period of political, scientific, and cultural innovation.

It led to the expansion of Athenian commerce beyond the Mediterranean.

. Which Athenian philosopher established a method of inquiry that sought to discover the truth?

Aristotle

Socrates

Plato

Pericles

. The Athenian dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides wrote

tragedies.

comedies.

histories.

epics.

. The age of the independent Greek city-state came to an end with the rise of

Persia.

the Peloponnesian League.

Rome.

Macedonia.

. The Macedonian king who conquered the Persian Empire in the fourth century B.C.E. was

Philip II.

Agamemnon.

Hammurabi.

Alexander.

. What was a significant social and political change from classical Greece to the Hellenistic age?

Greeks were members of empires rather than citizens of city-states.

Greeks began a new migration westward in search of new locations for city-states.

Greeks witnessed a significant decline in social inequality and greater political participation.

Greeks were forced to accept Athenian democracy by Alexander's successors.

. The greatest center of scholarship during the Hellenistic age was

Athens.

Babylon.

Alexandria.

Sparta.

. How did religion change for the Greeks during the Hellenistic age?

They became even more devoted to their own gods.

They were exposed to and adopted many religious traditions from Southwest Asia.

They were heavily influenced by Hebrew monotheism.

They rejected religion completely and turned instead toward philosophy.

. What was the political organization of the Celtic peoples?

They were ruled by druid elite.

They were ruled by Greek-inspired institutions.

They were ruled by tyrants.

They were ruled by a military aristocracy.

. How did the Celts interact with the Mediterranean world in the first millennium B.C.E.?

Through the exchange of religious practices

Through trade routes

Through the states system

Through mass migrations

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