Chapter 13 Quiz B with Explanations

. What led to the Great Schism between the Latin and Orthodox churches in 1054?

The Latin and Orthodox churches could not agree on procedures for the Eucharist.

The Byzantine emperor wanted to conquer Rome.

The Latin and Orthodox churches' competition for converts had turned violent.

The Latin popes claimed supreme authority over the Byzantine emperor and church.

. The investiture controversy of the eleventh century concerned who had the authority to appoint

kings.

bishops.

diplomats.

knights.

. Failure of later Crusades was in part due to

political and economic motives being more important to Crusaders than religion.

the resurgence of Byzantine military and economic power.

the invasion and conquest of the Middle East by Mongol armies.

the failure of European kingdoms and the papacy to support new crusading efforts.

. What marked the reign of Pope Innocent III?

He issued a papal order calling for the First Crusade.

His appointment of German bishops began the investiture controversy.

He worked to greatly enhance the power of the papacy and the church.

He disbanded the crusading military orders due to their growing wealth and power.

. Why did the crusading movement end in the Holy Land after the capture of Acre in 1291?

The crusading states lacked any base from which to attack Muslim states.

Dissent between the papacy and the Latin states precluded any effort to restart the movement.

The collapse of the European economy left Latin states unable to pay for renewed hostilities.

The Mongol invasion of Eastern Europe kept Latin military units based in Europe.

. Which Spanish city was a major intellectual and cultural center during the twelfth century?

Cordoba

Valencia

Toledo

Seville

. The campaign against non-Christians in northern and eastern Europe during the twelfth century was called the

First Crusade.

People's Crusade.

Fourth Crusade.

Wendish Crusade.

. What confederation of Baltic commercial cities was established in the fourteenth century to control trade among its members?

Teutonic League

Roman League

Adriatic League

Hanseatic League

. By the fourteenth century, where had the process of national unification most taken place in Latin Christendom?

France and England

Poland and France

Italy and Spain

England and Flanders

. Who established the Liao dynasty in northern China during the tenth century?

The Mongols

The Khitans

The Jurchens

The Koreans

. What caused the Mongol Empire to break up into four independent khanates in the thirteenth century?

Mongol tradition requires the division of territory at the death of a Great Khan.

The adoption of Chinese bureaucratic administration from the state of Liao.

The Great Khan Mongke's distribution of territories to his brothers.

The difficulty of managing an empire caused by long lines of communication.

. What was the name of the Mongol dynasty that ruled over China from the thirteenth to the fourteenth centuries?

Chagadai

Jin

Han

Yuan

. After the death of Qubilai in 1294, what led to the decline of the Yuan Dynasty in China?

The Black Death killed many of the most able Mongol leaders and bureaucrats.

Poor leadership after Qubilai led to the mismanagement of agriculture and over taxation of the population.

Constant attacks by the Koreans and Japanese caused a decline in the vitality of the Mongol army.

Qubilai's successors paid little attention to commerce, which led to a significant decline in China's economy.

. How did Ghazan's reforms in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries change the nature of the Ilkhanate?

The dynasty began to emphasize its Persian and Islamic traditions rather than its Mongol identity.

The dynasty doubled its efforts to expand militarily against the Byzantines in the West.

The dynasty favored administrators from Mamluk Egypt rather than Persian ones.

The dynasty worked to reunify the Ilkhanate with the other khanates to recreate a single Mongol Empire.

. Which Mongol khan was the first to convert to Islam in the thirteenth century?

Berke

Batu

Qubilai

Ghazan

. Culturally, how were the khans of the Golden Horde different from the Yuan dynasty and the Ilkhanate?

They converted to Christianity and were assimilated into Rus society.

They tried to enforce their pastoral nomadic life on the inhabitants of Rus.

While converting to Islam, they retained their culture of pastoral nomadism.

They were greatly influenced by the culture of Latin Christendom.

. The ruling elite of the Mamluk state originated from

Muslim merchants.

religious officials.

Mongol aristocracy.

slave soldiers.

. How did Osman foster economic revival in Anatolia?

He encouraged Black Sea trade as well as trade with the Mamluk state.

He protected property rights and encouraged agricultural revival.

He established forts along the Anatolian coast and taxed passing ships.

He encouraged merchants to settle in his capital Bursa.

. During the fourteenth century, the Teutonic order created a territorial state in

the Byzantine Empire.

the Middle East.

the Baltic region.

northern Spain.

. Why, by the fifteenth century, did the papacy not rule over a unified Latin Christendom?

The Roman popes lost all of their power to emerging new churches and secular rulers.

The papacy lost its political mandate due to its handling of the investiture controversy.

With the collapse of the Christian military orders, the papacy was not able to rely on military force to protect it and Rome was conquered by an ambitious French king.

The growth of national rivalries, combined with the failure of the crusades and the demise of the military orders, put an end to papal ambitions to rule over a unified Latin Christendom.

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