Chapter 13 Quiz A with Explanations

. What policies did Gregory VII pursue during his papacy in the eleventh century?

He sought to increase papal authority while at the same time reforming the clergy.

He sought to establish armed religious orders and to strengthen the Inquisition.

He sought to give more power to local clergy and secular rulers.

He sought to end the Great Schism by unifying the Roman and Byzantine churches under his authority.

. Which of the following orders encouraged clerical reform and doctrinal uniformity?

The Wends

The Teutonic Knights

The Cistercians

The Dominicans

. Why did the Crusaders fail to create a lasting presence in the Holy Land after their initial success in 1099?

They did not create centralized political and military institutions.

They lacked significant amount of supplies from Europe.

They fought constant battles with the Seljuk sultans.

They returned home due to the threat of Mongol attack on Europe.

. Which of the following contributed to the elimination of religious diversity in Latin Christendom?

The Crusades

The Inquisition

The Black Death

The Great Schism

. Which religious group suffered growing persecution from the eleventh century onward?

The Dominicans

The Jews

The Wends

The Franciscans

. How did Muslim rule under the Almoravids and Almohads in the eleventh and twelfth centuries differ from earlier Umayyad rule in Spain?

They were more tolerant of Christians and Jews.

They fought expansionist wars against the French.

They sought accommodation with Latin Christendom.

They were less tolerant of their non-Muslim subjects.

. What was the impact of the Reconquista on Spain's Jewish population during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

They converted to Christianity and migrated in large numbers to other European countries.

They saw little change in their social positions as Muslim rulers were replaced by Christian ones.

They faced growing religious intolerance, which led to violence against them in many Spanish cities.

They played an important role in the cultural and economic revival after the Reconquista.

. One of the results of the Wendish Crusade into northern and Eastern Europe during the twelfth century was

the conversion of the population to Orthodox Christianity.

the growth of regional monarchies in the East.

the immigration of settlers from the west.

the decline of Mongol influence in the region.

. How was the expansion of Latin Christendom in northern and eastern Europe different from the conquests of the Mongols?

Latin expansion into northern and eastern Europe was much more destructive than the Mongol conquests.

Latin Christendom imposed its religious and cultural values on conquered territories while the Mongols supported religious and cultural diversity in their realms.

Latin Christendom promoted the spread of Orthodox Christianity in the regions they captured.

Latin Christendom encouraged the movement of merchants in newly conquered parts of Europe while the Mongols discouraged commercial activity in their territories.

. Why did Chinggis Khan begin a campaign of conquest in Asia at the beginning of the thirteenth century?

He wanted to bring perfect Mongol rule to all of the peoples of Asia.

He desired to spread the Mongol religion throughout Asia.

He sought new lands for his people's herds.

He needed plunder to keep his tribal coalition together.

. As a result of his death i 1227, Chinggis Khan's empire was

thrown into a long civil war which was won by Mongke.

prevented from expanding further by internal factionalism.

split among his sons and descendants with Ogodei as Great Khan.

was ruled solely by Yelu Chucai from Qaraqorum.

. Who occupied the bottom of the Mongol-imposed social structure in China?

The Southerners

The Han People

The Affiliated Peoples

The Northerners

. Which dynasty did Hulegu establish to rule over parts of Iran and Mesopotamia during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

The Yuan

The Ilkhan

The Mamluk

The Ottoman

. Over time Mongol rule under the Ilkhans and Mongol rule in China had what in common?

They both promoted religious diversity.

They both eventually were assimilated into the cultures they had conquered.

They both were heavily influenced by the culture and beliefs of the people they had conquered.

They both promoted the conversion of agricultural land to pasture.

. The city of Moscow benefited commercially during the fourteenth century because it became the center of

the salt trade.

the fur trade.

the production of coal.

the fish trade.

. How did the Islamic world recover from the Mongol conquest of Baghdad and the end of the Abbasid Caliphate?

A new dynasty emerged in Medina that conquered former lands of the Abbasid Empire to create a new Islamic confederacy.

The Ilkhanate, created by the Mongols, established a wider legitimacy in the Islamic world.

A new caliphate emerged from the successors of Umayyad Spain.

Stability returned with the rise of regional regimes in the form of the Ottomans in Anatolia and the Mamluks in Egypt.

. The origins of the Ottoman Empire in the late thirteenth century can be traced back to a nomadic tribal leader named

Osman.

Hulagu.

Berke.

Orkhan.

. The Latin military orders, first established in the twelfth century, combined the profession of the soldier with that of the

merchant.

tailor.

noble.

monk.

. The fall of Acre to the Mamluks in 1291 was significant in that it

gave the Mamluks a major port on the Mediterranean for trade.

was the last Mongol stronghold on the Mediterranean.

threatened the existence of the Templars and other military orders.

resulted in a new crusade to retake Jerusalem.

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