Chapter 10 Quiz B with Explanations

. What was political power based most on in Mesoamerica during the classical era?

The control of obsidian-producing regions.

The control of labor sources.

The control of long distance trade.

The control of large ceremonial centers.

. Which city was dominant in the Valley of Mexico during the classical era?

Tollan.

Chichen Itza.

San Lorenzo.

Teotihuacan.

. What was the primary purpose behind the construction of Teotihuacan?

It acted as a major center of tool manufacturing.

It acted as a point of connection between the gods and humanity.

It acted as a terminus for long-distance trade routes.

It acted as a political center for the king and his nobility.

. According to the classical Mayan text, the Popol Vuh, what was the role of humanity?

People were to worship the gods and offer them sacrifices.

People were to lead simples lives of non-violence for the gods.

People were to lead lives of meditation in monasteries built by the state.

People were to await the return of their gods from the underworld.

. Which profession held a privileged position in classical Mayan society?

Soldiers

Peasants

Scribes

Merchants

. Due to the often long distances and the lack of heavy pack animals, classical Mayan elites primarily engaged in trading

metal items.

prestige goods.

military weapons.

food products.

. What impact did the collapse of the classical Maya have on the region?

It led to the regional expansion of Teotihuacan.

It caused major conflict between kinship groups.

It led to growth in power of the local nobility.

It caused demographic decline and economic failure.

. What hindered contact between North and South America?

The volcanic region of southern Guatemala

The presence of nomadic warriors in Central America

The tropical forests of the Isthmus of Panama

The lack of centralized states in Central America

. What state replaced the state of Moche in northern Peru during the classical era?

Teotihuacan

Chimu

Chavín

Tula

. What agricultural technique did peoples of the Andean highlands rely on to produce potatoes and quinoa as early as 800 B.C.E.?

Raised-field

Reverse-field

Equal-field

Three-field

. What was an important feature of both Mesoamerican cities and Tiwanaku?

They were organized according to kinship groups or by profession.

They had significant fortifications to protect from outside invasion.

They were designed for public ceremonies relating to religion and politics.

They were constructed to accommodate only the ruler and his nobility.

. Images found in Tiwanaku art suggest that

it possessed political power based on its economy and religious beliefs.

it possessed a highly decentralized political structure.

it was constantly fighting for land and sacrifices with its neighbors.

it had significant cultural and economic exchanges with Chimu.

. What led to the growth of agriculture in North America after 1000 B.C.E.?

Urbanization, which led to greater demands from resources

The introduction of maize from Mesoamerica

El Niño conditions, which produce a wetter climate

The arrival of tribes that utilized iron farm tools

. How was the development of agricultural societies in Chaco Canyon during the tenth century C.E. different from that of most of Eurasia?

Utilization of slavery for agriculture was on an even greater scale.

Emerging social classes tended to be more numerous.

Privileged groups appeared quickly due to technological innovations.

Development of centralized political institutions did not occur.

. What was the largest Mississippian settlement to emerge during the tenth century C.E.?

Tiwanaku

Tulla

Cahokia

Chaco

. How did the collapse of Cahokia after 1300 change the nature of Mississippian society?

It became more migratory.

It became more warlike.

It became more religious.

It became more reliant on trade.

. What contributed to more complex political and social systems in Polynesia?

The size of islands

The arrival of migrants

The competition over resources

The growth in trade

. What resource was particularly important to Polynesians who settled on coral atolls?

Taro roots

Maize

Coconut palms

Sugar cane

. Which two language groups make up a majority of the languages spoken on Bougainville today?

Polynesian and Austronesian

Semitic and Papuan

Austronesian and Indo-European

Papuan and Austronesian

. According to some scholars, what might account for the social diversity of Bougainville?

Local villages did not need to build networks of exchange.

The arrival of migrants was constant up to the modern period.

The endemic warfare found throughout the island led to isolation.

Natural boundaries, which included volcanoes, promoted social isolation.

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