Chapter 11 Practice Quizzes

Reasoning, Judgment, and Choice
. Syllogistic reasoning is sometimes also called ______.

. Read the following: Premise 1: I need to understand psychology as a whole. Premise 2: The only way to understand psychology as a whole is through the study of cognition. Conclusion: Therefore I need to study cognition. What is this an example of?

. Read the following: Premise 1: I need to understand psychology as a whole. Premise 2: The only way to understand psychology as a whole is through the study of cognition. Conclusion: Therefore I need to study cognition. What is this an example of?

. Which of the following describes the premise that all A are B?

. What does a valid syllogism require?

. "A is taller than B, and B is taller than C." What is this premise an example of?

. Which of the following terms is part of Johnson-Laird's theory and suggests that people construct the simplest mental models possible?

. When reasoning, many people fail to incorporate eliminative strategy, and instead display ______.

. "If P, then Q" is an example of ______.

. Failures in the Wason selection task are frequently related to ______.

. Why is the social contract theory important?

. When we implicitly evaluate evidence to fit with our prior views and beliefs, we are engaged in ______.

. The three-term series problem is also known as ______.

. Which term reflects the idea that you get more out of a mental model than you put into it?

. The liar paradox, which can lead to what might be considered mind-boggling forms of thought, is an example of ______.

. The idea that the events that occur in a small sample are unlikely to reflect the proportion of that event in the total population is reflected in ______.

. The law of small numbers is reflected in ______.

. Of the following, which heuristic is considered ecologically rational?

. According to Nisbett at al. (1983), all of the following are factors that would lead people to use appropriate reasoning procedures, except ______.

. Which heuristic is likely at work if you are afraid to fly after hearing about a plane crash on the news a few months ago?

. What kind of reasoning does Wason's selection task illustrate?

. Sometimes people are biased, which means that they have a predisposition to see a particular type of situation in a particular way.

. The law of large numbers states that the larger the sample, the further a statistic will be from the true value.

. A gambler is playing roulette and has seen black come up 27 times in a row. The chances that black will come up again are now less likely as it has come up so frequently before.

. John was bitten by a little white dog when he was younger, and now believes that all white dogs will bite. He is displaying the representativeness heuristic.

. Research has demonstrated that basketball players who have made 2 or 3 previous shots are more likely to have success in their next shot.

. The mental model theory is a theory of syllogistic reasoning.

. The universal negative takes the form "Some A are not B."

. The effect of belief is greater on valid syllogisms than on invalid syllogisms.

. Sugiyama et al. (2002) discovered that reasoning governing social contracts is not a universal feature of human cognition.

. Judgments based on how easy it is to recall something underlie the availability heuristic.

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