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X → T → Y indicates that X has an ________ on Y.
Shows the effect of X on Y while controlling for all other independent variables in a multiple regression analysis.
This elaboration outcome increases confidence that the original relationship is nonspurious.
Displays the causal links between all variables in a complex model and provides estimates of the direct and indirect effects of one variable on another.
In elaboration analysis, this controls for the extraneous variable.
Multivariate analysis involving three-variable contingency tables.
Simultaneously controls for the effects of several independent variables.
The association between two variables when no other variable is controlled.
In this elaboration outcome, an antecedent variable creates a spurious association between X and Y.
Refer to the random processes in a statistical model.
Two or more independent variables in a multiple regression are highly correlated with one another.
Produced by omitting important variables from a statistical model.