Shows the effect of X on Y while controlling for all other independent variables in a multiple regression analysis.

Refer to the random processes in a statistical model.

Two or more independent variables in a multiple regression are highly correlated with one another.

The association between two variables when no other variable is controlled.

Displays the causal links between all variables in a complex model and provides estimates of the direct and indirect effects of one variable on another.

Produced by omitting important variables from a statistical model.

This elaboration outcome increases confidence that the original relationship is nonspurious.

In this elaboration outcome, an antecedent variable creates a spurious association between X and Y.

In elaboration analysis, this controls for the extraneous variable.

X → T → Y indicates that X has an ________ on Y.

Simultaneously controls for the effects of several independent variables.

Multivariate analysis involving three-variable contingency tables.

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