Consists of editing, coding, data entry, and data cleaning.

Graphic depiction of a bivariate distribution.

Detecting and resolving errors in coding and data entry.

Replacing missing values in data analysis by estimating values from the available data.

Shows whether the association in a contingency table is statistically significant.

The middle value in a distribution.

Documentation for a data file that usually contains the question wording and responses codes for each variable.

Examples are Cramer’s phi and the correlation coefficient.

The value or category in a distribution with the highest frequency.

A graphic display of a univariate distribution.

The most commonly used statistical measure of variation.

A cleaning technique that can be programmed for automatic detection in computer-assisted interviewing.

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