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Commonly used in experimental research to increase external validity.
Use of dissimilar measures or methods to address the same research question.
Rather than create a composite measure, the effects of each indicator are analyzed separately.
A statistical framework for meta-analysis.
Uses response categories ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”
Based on this procedure, it is possible to infer the values or responses on each item from the total score on a set of items.
Used to compare outcomes across studies in a meta-analysis.
Like a literature review, but more systematic.
Adding up the responses to multiple items creates a(n) ________.
In contrast to indexes, scales are designed to ensure this.