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Used to compare outcomes across studies in a meta-analysis.

Uses response categories ranging from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.”

A statistical framework for meta-analysis.

Adding up the responses to multiple items creates a(n) ________.

Use of dissimilar measures or methods to address the same research question.

Commonly used in experimental research to increase external validity.

Like a literature review, but more systematic.

Rather than create a composite measure, the effects of each indicator are analyzed separately.

In contrast to indexes, scales are designed to ensure this.

Based on this procedure, it is possible to infer the values or responses on each item from the total score on a set of items.

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