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May present serious ethical problems when the setting is private.

A field researcher’s primary means of recording observations while in the observational setting.

To gain access to a group or setting, a field researcher may have to obtain their permission.

Type of research that uses explicit plans and preset categories for recording observations.

Gathering information in the field that is relevant to a working hypothesis.

An adjunct to field observation that can be a major source of data in the field.

The integrated set of concepts and ideas that emerge from the analysis of field data.

A detailed record of field observations.

Type of research in which the researcher actively takes part in the group or setting under study.

Position adopted by a participant observer that determines how he or she relates to others in the group or setting.

For in-depth interviews, the counterpart of an interview schedule in survey research.

The primary method of organizing field notes into meaningful units of information.

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