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Type of research in which the researcher actively takes part in the group or setting under study.
To gain access to a group or setting, a field researcher may have to obtain their permission.
A detailed record of field observations.
For in-depth interviews, the counterpart of an interview schedule in survey research.
A field researcher’s primary means of recording observations while in the observational setting.
May present serious ethical problems when the setting is private.
Type of research that uses explicit plans and preset categories for recording observations.
An adjunct to field observation that can be a major source of data in the field.
Position adopted by a participant observer that determines how he or she relates to others in the group or setting.
The primary method of organizing field notes into meaningful units of information.
Gathering information in the field that is relevant to a working hypothesis.
The integrated set of concepts and ideas that emerge from the analysis of field data.