Chapter 7 Learning Objectives:
- Describe the logic of experimentation: how experiments effectively meet the criteria for establishing causality.
- Discuss why external validity is generally low in experiments and how researchers attempt to enhance it.
- Describe the steps in the process of planning and conducting an experiment and apply them to a research hypothesis.
- Analyze the problem of reactive measurement in experiments in terms of demand characteristics and experimenter effects.
- Describe the use and the relative advantages and disadvantages of experimentation outside the laboratory.