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Rejecting the ________ implies that the research hypothesis is supported.
One object of research design is to identify and control as many of these variables as possible.
A causal criterion often based on theoretical reasoning.
It is hypothesized that women drink less than men. Gender is the ________ variable.
A variable that the researcher tries to explain or predict.
The overall plan of an empirical study.
Measures the strength and direction of the association between two quantitative variables.
Created when an antecedent variable is a common cause of two variables.
Specifying the ________ in a relationship enhances theoretical understanding.
May occur when researchers draw conclusions about individuals from group-level data.
Tests of ________ indicate whether an association between variables is likely to have occurred by chance.
Examples in sociology are individual people, families, schools, nations, and artifacts such as newspapers and books.