The empire founded by Genghis Khan that extended in the 13th and 14th century across Asia into Europe.
A plan initiated in 1953 to open up vast areas of Kazakhstan steppe to grain production.
Refers to those countries that were formerly part of the old Soviet Union, but decided to separate from Russia after its fall.
The ideological movement by Russian leaders to promote the active creation of a single Russian empire with one religion and a single language.
A system of labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union in the early to mid 20th century.
The alphabet used by Slavic languages, such as Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbian.
A very rich business person who might also maintain a great deal of political authority. Oligarchs proliferated in Russia after the fall of the USSR as many previously state owned assets were acquired below market value.
The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.
The targeting and forced removal of ethnic minorities by other groups and/or the nation-state
A blueprint for Soviet city structures, which was influential in creating the urbanized structure of modern Russia.
The world's first communist state established in 1917 and encompassed modern day Russia along with a number of countries that surround it. The USSR collapsed in the late 1991.
A vast network of pipelines used to transport oil and gas deposits from Russia and central Asia to markets in Europe and China.
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