A Global Context
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A term denoting the arrival of Europeans to the Americas, which resulting in vast demographic changes to indigenous populations.

Name given to informal settlements in Lima, Peru.

The transmission of cultural ideas and practices around the world.

An indicator used to describe and measure the number of distinct plant and animal species in a given geographical area.

A change in climate that takes different forms across the globe.

The period around 1800, centered in Britain, in which manufacturers rapidly discovered and implemented new ways of creating products.

Generally refers to any sustained period of cooler weather, but more specifically often used to the period from 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago when permanent ice sheets were created and the weather cooled dramatically.

The process by which improvements in transport make it quicker to cover the same distance and thus bring places closer together.

A logarithmic scale that measure seismic disturbances from 1 to 10.

A storm arising over warm sea water that produces heavy rainfall and punishing winds The terms 'hurricane' and 'cyclone' are also used.

Occurs when birth rates fall to a point that requires less investment in the very young, but before more investment is required on the elderly, and results in the relative and absolute increase of younger, more productive workers.

A gas produced from the burning of carbon. The increasing amount in the atmosphere is responsible for climate change.

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