The pilgrimage to Mecca required of all devout Muslims at east once in their lives.
An area created by sediments carried by a river.
Islamic religious school.
A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.
An underground layer of rock that bears water.
A city that is the largest in the country and is the center of economic and political life.
A series of protests in countries in Middle East and North Africa that began in 2010 and called for the removal of authoritarian regimes.
The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.
A group of people living outside of their homeland.
The recreation of a transnational authority guided by Islamic principles and is a long held belief of many Sunni fundamentalists.
A sect of Islam distinct from Sunni whose adherents believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.
A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.
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