Middle East and North Africa
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An empire that developed from the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople that lasted from 285 until 1483.

A communal settlement in Israel.

The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

The pilgrimage to Mecca required of all devout Muslims at east once in their lives.

An attempt by a group or individual to overthrow an existing government in order to implement their own regime.

An economic development strategy marked by protectionist policies in order to bolster local growth.

A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.

The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.

An area where waters drains from and flows into a river or a number of tributaries.

A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.

French expatriates living in Algeria.

The name given to big-name, well-known architects who participate in construction to market or brand a city.

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