Middle East and North Africa
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A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.

The war resulting from the attack in 1973 of Israel by Egypt, Iraq and Syria.

The recreation of a transnational authority guided by Islamic principles and is a long held belief of many Sunni fundamentalists.

The cultural development in 14th century Europe, centered in Italy, that drew upon classical learning.

A nomadic people living in the desert regions of the Middle East and North Africa.

The Christian Church in Egypt, one of the oldest on the world.

A tall tower in a mosque initially used to call worshippers to prayer.

An underground layer of rock that bears water.

The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.

The period in Europe from roughly 500 to 1100 associated with limited urban growth, economic development or knowledge production.

Islamic religious school.

The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

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