A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.
The Christian Church in Egypt, one of the oldest on the world.
A belief and adherence to the idea that Jewish people should be allowed to establish and maintain their own state in Israel.
A sect of Islam distinct from Shia in that its adherents do not believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.
The pilgrimage to Mecca required of all devout Muslims at east once in their lives.
A group of people living outside of their homeland.
A more formalized written standard form of Arabic that is commonly used across the Arab-speaking world, in contrast to the multiple forms of spoken Arabic.
The recreation of a transnational authority guided by Islamic principles and is a long held belief of many Sunni fundamentalists.
A sect of Islam distinct from Sunni whose adherents believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.
The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.
An empire that developed from the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople that lasted from 285 until 1483.
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