Middle East and North Africa
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An empire that developed from the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople that lasted from 285 until 1483.

An economic development strategy marked by protectionist policies in order to bolster local growth.

A tall tower in a mosque initially used to call worshippers to prayer.

An area created by sediments carried by a river.

A sect of Islam distinct from Sunni whose adherents believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.

A city that is the largest in the country and is the center of economic and political life.

A nomadic people living in the desert regions of the Middle East and North Africa.

The period in Europe from roughly 500 to 1100 associated with limited urban growth, economic development or knowledge production.

Injecting liquids at high pressure into underground rock formations to extract oil and gas.

A sect of Islam distinct from Shia in that its adherents do not believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.

A grassy plain that contains few trees.

Money that leaves other areas of the world seeking a location with strong secrecy laws where money can be hidden and invested without scrutiny.

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