Middle East and North Africa
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The period in Europe from roughly 500 to 1100 associated with limited urban growth, economic development or knowledge production.

A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.

A sect of Islam distinct from Sunni whose adherents believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.

The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.

An austere form of Sunni fundamentalism in the Islam religion that is heavily promoted by Saudi Arabia.

The cultural development in 14th century Europe, centered in Italy, that drew upon classical learning.

A high density area found in the city center in the Muslim world.

The war resulting from the attack in 1973 of Israel by Egypt, Iraq and Syria.

A more formalized written standard form of Arabic that is commonly used across the Arab-speaking world, in contrast to the multiple forms of spoken Arabic.

A series of protests in countries in Middle East and North Africa that began in 2010 and called for the removal of authoritarian regimes.

Islamic religious school.

The pilgrimage to Mecca required of all devout Muslims at east once in their lives.

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