Middle East and North Africa
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A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.

Injecting liquids at high pressure into underground rock formations to extract oil and gas.

A more formalized written standard form of Arabic that is commonly used across the Arab-speaking world, in contrast to the multiple forms of spoken Arabic.

A veil typically worn by Muslim women.

An area created by sediments carried by a river.

The name given to big-name, well-known architects who participate in construction to market or brand a city.

Originally refers to manuscript in which the original script was overlain by subsequent scripts but some still remain visible.

The period in Europe from roughly 500 to 1100 associated with limited urban growth, economic development or knowledge production.

A city that is the largest in the country and is the center of economic and political life.

The cultural development in 14th century Europe, centered in Italy, that drew upon classical learning.

A communal settlement in Israel.

An organized killing of a particular ethnic group.

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