Middle East and North Africa
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An empire that developed from the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople that lasted from 285 until 1483.

A tall tower in a mosque initially used to call worshippers to prayer.

A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.

Injecting liquids at high pressure into underground rock formations to extract oil and gas.

A sect of Islam distinct from Shia in that its adherents do not believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.

A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.

The cultural development in 14th century Europe, centered in Italy, that drew upon classical learning.

A political party that rued Iraq from 1968 to 2003.

A nomadic people living in the desert regions of the Middle East and North Africa.

An underground layer of rock that bears water.

The war resulting from the attack in 1973 of Israel by Egypt, Iraq and Syria.

An area where waters drains from and flows into a river or a number of tributaries.

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