Middle East and North Africa

A communal settlement in Israel.

The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

The money that temporary and permanent migrants send back to their home country.

An austere form of Sunni fundamentalism in the Islam religion that is heavily promoted by Saudi Arabia.

An empire that developed from the Roman Empire, centered on Constantinople that lasted from 285 until 1483.

A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.

A nomadic people living in the desert regions of the Middle East and North Africa.

The period in Europe from roughly 500 to 1100 associated with limited urban growth, economic development or knowledge production.

The cultural development in 14th century Europe, centered in Italy, that drew upon classical learning.

A political party that rued Iraq from 1968 to 2003.

A belief and adherence to the idea that Jewish people should be allowed to establish and maintain their own state in Israel.

Islamic religious school.

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