A tall tower in a mosque initially used to call worshippers to prayer.
A high density area found in the city center in the Muslim world.
A series of protests in countries in Middle East and North Africa that began in 2010 and called for the removal of authoritarian regimes.
A country in which the city and the state are essentially one and the same.
A belief and adherence to the idea that Jewish people should be allowed to establish and maintain their own state in Israel.
The process by which water is transferred from land to the atmosphere by evaporation from soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.
A trade cartel of oil producing states, mostly Middle Eastern that uses its power to influence global oil markets.
A sect of Islam distinct from Shia in that its adherents do not believe that the succession of the Prophet Mohammed should be hereditary and follow family bloodlines.
A group of people living outside of their homeland.
An area created by sediments carried by a river.
An austere form of Sunni fundamentalism in the Islam religion that is heavily promoted by Saudi Arabia.
The name given to big-name, well-known architects who participate in construction to market or brand a city.
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