Chapter 4 Chapter Quiz

* not completed

. Refer to the figure.
 

 
According to the figure, as the human population increases, loss of biodiversity will

increase, because major threats to biodiversity all intensify as population grows. correct incorrect

increase, because human overpopulation poses a direct threat to biodiversity. correct incorrect

decrease, because most human activities benefit species, populations, and ecosystems. correct incorrect

not change, because extinction and other processes all have stable rates. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Refer to the graph.
 

 
Locate Afghanistan and the United States on the graph. Considering the impact equation, I = PAT, which conclusion best explains the difference in location between the two countries on the graph?

Afghanistan has a higher HDI because its I value gives it a higher ecological footprint. correct incorrect

Afghanistan has a higher HDI because its I value gives it a lower ecological footprint. correct incorrect

The United States has a higher HDI because its I value gives it a higher ecological footprint. correct incorrect

The United States has a higher HDI because its I value gives it a lower ecological footprint. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In Indonesia, considerable habitat destruction is being caused by conversion of rain forests to palm oil plantations. This type of habitat destruction could best be described as

pollution. correct incorrect

overexploitation. correct incorrect

invasive species and disease. correct incorrect

habitat loss/degradation. correct incorrect

* not completed

. In the Amazon rain forest, several types of habitat loss are occurring. In one type, large corporations cut forest to allow cattle grazing. In another, poor families cut and cultivate small pieces of forest, and then move when the cleared land becomes infertile. Which of these types of habitat loss is more likely to cause long-term damage to the rain forest ecosystem?

Cattle grazing, because clearing by poor families helps the rain forest ecosystem. correct incorrect

Cattle grazing, because the habitat loss tends to be permanent. correct incorrect

Clearing by poor families, because the rain forest never recovers. correct incorrect

Clearing by poor families, because they tend to use more pesticides. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Tropical deciduous forests and grasslands are even more susceptible to habitat destruction than are tropical rain forests. This is because tropical deciduous forests and grasslands are

more plentiful. correct incorrect

less nutrient-rich. correct incorrect

more biodiverse. correct incorrect

easier to cut and convert to other uses. correct incorrect

* not completed

. A forest, untouched for many years, has been opened for lumbering. Roads are built through it, and selected areas are clear-cut, decreasing the total forest area and increasing edge habitats. A species of flying squirrel is highly dependent on the interior conditions of the forest—cool, shady, damp, and quiet. How would the squirrel population likely be affected in the years after habitat fragmentation occurs?

It will be unaffected; squirrels will live in the interior parts of the forest fragments. correct incorrect

It will decline; there will be less available habitat suitable for squirrels. correct incorrect

It will increase; fragmentation will lead to more separate areas for squirrels to breed. correct incorrect

It will increase; squirrels will quickly adapt to the changed conditions. correct incorrect

* not completed

. Refer to the figure.
 

 
The graph shows the results of a meta-analysis of 76 field studies on the effects of habitat fragmentation, carried out over 35 years. Based on the graph, which ecosystem factor shows the least variability as a result of habitat fragmentation?

Residency correct incorrect

Abundance correct incorrect

Species richness correct incorrect

Succession rate correct incorrect

* not completed

. A long-lasting pesticide is sprayed on a crop area to kill insects over a period of 20 years. During that time, local populations of birds and small mammals decline somewhat, and hawks, which prey on smaller birds and small mammals, show serious population declines. If, as ecologists think, the population changes are due to pesticides, which result of pesticide use is most likely to blame?

Biomagnification correct incorrect

Decline in insect populations correct incorrect

Pollution of water by pesticide runoff correct incorrect

Uptake of pesticides by the crops correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which type of marine organisms are most likely to suffer damage from ingesting microplastics?

Phytoplankton, which carry out photosynthesis correct incorrect

Bottom-dwelling organisms, which feed on detritus correct incorrect

Whale sharks and baleen whales, which are filter feeders correct incorrect

Great white sharks and orcas, which prey on large fish and mammals correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of these pollution situations began as air pollution but ultimately led to the pollution of water bodies?

Eutrophication correct incorrect

Increased acidity of lakes correct incorrect

Microplastics pollution correct incorrect

Heavy metal pollution from mining correct incorrect