Chapter 12 Chapter Quiz

The Challenges of Sustainable Development

. A town has been plagued by increasing floods in the past two decades, due to global warming. City managers want to prepare the town to deal with future flooding, and they consult with conservationists on flood protection. What change in the town’s conservation plan would conservationists most likely suggest?

. A farmer forms an agreement with a cell phone company and a conservation organization. The cell phone company pays him to build a cell tower on his land, plus the infrastructure needed to access it. The conservation organization pays him for a conservation easement to protect the surrounding land from development. This agreement is best described as

. Landowners in an area are receiving payments from the government for not cutting their forest lands and for protecting other vegetation, thus preventing erosion and downstream flooding. These landowners are participating in

. National conservation laws and regulations are written to protect natural resources, human health, biodiversity, and valuable natural habitats such as wetlands. They may protect against air and water pollution, and regulate sewage treatment and waste dumping. Suppose a country with vast forests chooses to favor economic development and exploitation of its forests over environmental protection. To further this goal, the country’s government would likely repeal all these laws and regulations except those laws and regulations that

. The Earth Summit, held in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was important because it initiated several programs that still affect policy today. These include documents relating to policies covering all the following world problems except

. The strongest international agreement so far developed to deal with issues of climate change is the

. The pangolin (scaly anteater) is native to parts of Africa and Asia. Most buyers are in China and Vietnam. Fourteen tons of smuggled pangolin scales, diverted from Nigeria, were recently found in a port in Singapore. The scales are used in traditional medicine, restaurants buy the meat, and the fashion industry uses the skin. Because of illegal trafficking, the pangolin may go extinct. This information best supports which reason why countries should act together to protect biodiversity?

. A major source of conservation funding used by developed countries such as the United States is/are

. Official Development Assistance (ODA) consists of funds from developed countries used to fund conservation efforts in developing countries that cannot afford to do so. At the Earth Summit in 1992, participants agreed that developed countries would pay 0.7% of their gross national product (GNP) by the year 2000 into ODA projects. As of 2017, how did the United States rank among other developed countries, in terms of total dollars of ODA contributed and percentage of GNP?

. Refer to the graph showing U.S. funding in billions of dollars for “perverse subsidies” (those that harm rather than help conservation efforts), compared to their global investment in conservation.
 

 
Based on the graph, what can we conclude about the world conservation efforts currently supported by the United States?

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