Chapter 10 Chapter Quiz

. For conservation of big cats, including panthers and lions, an important aspect of the protection process is

minimizing the cats’ contact and conflict with humans.

developing ways for big cats to interact with people in urban areas.

providing many small fragments of land for individual cats to occupy.

building roads through protected lands to allow cats freedom of movement.

. Refer to the map showing potential habitat for the Florida panther, inside and outside protected areas.

Based on the map, what can be said about the importance of habitat outside PAs for the breeding success of the Florida panther?

Most of their suitable breeding habitat is outside the protected areas.

Most known panthers are located in protected areas where they can breed safely.

Many known panthers live and breed outside protected areas.

Many panthers live and breed in the southern part of the protected range.

. The huge U.S. Army base at Fort Bragg, North Carolina is home to a number of butterflies, plus other endangered animals and plants. Howitzers used during artillery training kill some of the butterflies, but fires started by the howitzer blasts also produce conditions in the base’s forests and wetlands that the butterflies need to survive. This is an example of which characteristic of military bases that makes them useful for conservation?

Their very large size

The fact that they produce disturbed ecosystems

The fact that they generate toxic waste dumps

Their protection from development and resource removal

. In a large urban area, such as New York City, what is most likely the best way to approach the preservation and enhancement of biodiversity?

Leave the city as it is and let organisms populate it naturally, as they do in wild areas.

Encourage the predominance of human-adapted species, such as pigeons and rats.

Bring in exotic species, which will likely thrive in the exotic environment of the city.

Manage natural areas and habitats already present, such as parks and high-rise nesting sites.

. A company wishes to market a tea as “environmentally friendly.” A certification program for this tea would most likely require that it be grown

as a monoculture.

on a plantation with multiple types of vegetation.

using intensive, modern agricultural practices.

by farmers who are subject to no regulations.

. Alberta, Canada’s flood mitigation system involves use of reforestation, designated riparian zones, and wetland restoration. These processes slow down floods, retain water in natural areas, and aid in climate stabilization, habitat restoration, and carbon storage. The province of Alberta administers the flood mitigation system, with assistance from the University of Alberta and various Watershed Planning and Advisory Councils (WPACs). The system divides Alberta into seven watershed regions, each managed to maintain social, economic, and environmental well-being in the region. Does this system qualify as “ecosystem management”?

Yes, because it links public and private entities in planning for large-scale management of whole ecosystems.

Yes, because it involves a management plan that deals with ecosystems to the exclusion of human systems.

No, because it covers too large an area; it is better defined as bioregional management.

No, because it only deals with watersheds, which are not real ecosystems.

. There is a tendency for some governments to leave native or indigenous people out of conservation decision-making processes. To prevent such ecocolonialism, all the following approaches would likely be useful except

involving native people in biodiversity monitoring.

incorporating native traditions into ecosystem management.

empowering native people to own their managed and protected lands.

strictly regulating native people’s activities to prevent damage to ecosystems.

. In extractive reserves, native people collect living materials while minimizing damage to the ecosystem. In the Brazilian Amazon, people remove medicinal plants, seeds, rubber, resin, and Brazil nuts. Various African countries apply extraction to the preservation of wildlife populations. They sell rights to hunt trophy species such as lions and elephants and generate money from tourists. What is an outcome of trophy hunting in Africa that is not likely to occur when plant products are removed from the Brazilian Amazon?

Benefits to local people are much greater when wildlife is hunted than when plant materials are removed.

Removal of wildlife by hunting may prevent conversion of land to cattle ranching and farming.

Hunting may lead to poaching and decreased wildlife populations; plant populations are less affected.

Unlike plant populations, governments are unable to monitor or regulate wildlife populations.

. In the 1980s, forest cover in Costa Rica was just over 20%. In the 1990s, they began a series of schemes to pay landowners for protecting forests. By 2013, forest cover was more than 50%. Paid landowners cannot cut the forests, and the law that mandates payments also prohibits changes in land use within the forests. Thus, the forests continue to store carbon, protect wildlife, and regulate river flow. This procedure used by the Costa Rican government to protect forests can best be described as

payment for ecosystem services (PES).

community-based conservation (CBC).

integrated conservation development projects (ICDP).

biosphere reserves.

. Community-based management programs in southern Africa often combine management of wildlife for tourism and livestock for food. This combined management usually tends to work well, but in some cases the wildlife programs are only successful when supported by government subsidies. A major factor limiting the success of these programs is that

wildlife and livestock feed on the same food resources.

tourism programs do not really protect wildlife.

income from tourism is not always stable.

there is too little land to support the large wildlife populations.

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