Chapter 3 Self-Quiz

. According to ethical egoism,

every human action aims at some personal benefit.

actions are morally right just because they promote one's self-interest.

caltruism is impossible.

it is permissible, but not obligatory, to value oneself over others.

. According to the text, what is wrong with the Self-Reliance Argument?

It is false that we would all be better off if we tended our own needs.

Egoists cannot endorse the claim that we ought to do what benefits everyone.

both a and b

neither a nor b (The argument is sound.)

. According to psychological egoism,

the mind is composed of the id, the superego, and the ego.

actions are morally right just because they promote one's self-interest.

always acting out of self-interest is psychological unhealthy.

every human action is fundamentally motivated by self-interest.

. If psychological egoism is true, why can't it be our duty to be altruistic?

It can't be our duty to do the impossible.

Acting altruistically doesn't make us better off.

An act is right just in case it is self-interested.

all of the above

. Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between ethical egoism and psychological egoism?

They are competing theories about what we ought to do.

They are competing theories about the way humans actually behave.

If psychological egoism is true, this supports ethical egoism.

If ethical egoism is true, psychological egoism must be true.

. If a moral standard is objective, then

all moral theories agree upon it.

it applies to everyone, regardless of what they believe.

it is knowable by all.

all of the above

. Which of the following would a relativist not accept?

There are no objective moral standards.

Individuals can be mistaken about what is morally required of them.

Different societies have different moral codes.

Some societies have better moral codes than others.

. If, according to relativism, the moral beliefs of different cultures do not contradict each other, then cross-cultural moral disagreement is

unpredictable.

rare.

immoral.

impossible.

. According to error theory,

there are no moral features in the world.

no moral judgments are true.

our sincere moral judgments try unsuccessfully to describe moral features in the world.

all of the above

. The Argument from Disagreement claims that there are no objective moral standards because

well-informed, open-minded, rational people persistently disagree about all moral claims.

different cultures persistently disagree about all moral claims.

moral disagreement is a result of imperfect moral reasoning.

all of the above

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