Chapter 14 Quiz

. Cotton's role as the Southâs leading export

Emboldened Southerners to perceive themselves as a world power.

Encouraged Southerners to pursue economic strategies at odds with those supported in the North.

Reinforced the importance of slavery in the South.

All of the above.

. As candidates for the Republican nomination, Abraham Lincoln and William Seward differed in what way?

Seward favored abolition while Lincoln did not.

Seward believed secession was illegal while Lincoln did not.

Seward represented Midwestern Republicans while Lincoln represented Northern Republicans.

Seward had less experience in state and federal government than Lincoln.

. South Carolinaâs "Declaration of Causes"

Began with a stark explanation of slavery's centrality to secession.

Used a format identical to Jefferson's "Declaration of Independence".

Appealed to President Buchananâs interpretation of the legality of secession.

Offered an opportunity for reconciliation with the Northern government.

. One key difference between the Upper South and the Lower South was

States in the Upper South viewed themselves as independent sovereignties while states in the Lower South viewed themselves as states subservient to a fledgling Confederate national government.

States in the Upper South regarded slaveryâs expansion as vital to their survival while states in the Lower South did not.

States in the Upper South were more reluctant to secede than states in the Lower South.

States in the Upper South were more internally unified over the question of secession than states in the Lower South.

. The North possessed all of the following advantages EXCEPT

A 5:2 advantage in terms of eligible soldiers.

Geographical and psychological advantages.

It possessed over twice as many draft animals.

A vastly greater industrial capacity.

. Geographically, the most important battles of early 1862 took place.

In the Western theater.

In Virginia.

In the South.

None of the above.

. The Civil War saw such high casualty rates because

Commanders commonly used guerrilla style tactics, which prolonged battles.

Both sides used steamships to bombard coastal cities into submission.

Officers failed to adjust their tactics despite the use of new, more accurate weapons.

Both sides eventually armed African Americans, dramatically increasing the size of their militaries.

. The Army of the Potomac's Peninsula Campaign was significant because of its

Effect on the institution of slavery.

Agonizing slowness.

Speed, which allowed it to come very close to occupying Richmond.

Both A and B

. The process of military mobilization altered the gender dynamic of Southern society profoundly. Which of the following statements is both accurate and supports the statement above?

White women assumed new duties and occupations throughout the war.

White women, determined that the war not change Southern culture, refused to assume occupations that were traditionally male.

White women joined the Confederate army in large numbers.

White women won new political rights by lobbying the Confederate congress to allow them the right to vote.

. A "copperhead" would have supported which of the following?

Lincoln's call for 75,000 militia volunteers.

The Emancipation Proclamation.

McClellan's candidacy in 1864.

None of the above.

. "Contraband camps" held

Slaves captured by the Union army.

Confederate prisoners of war.

Civilian refugees who lost their homes when the Union invaded the South.

Foreign citizens who wanted to remain neutral.

. At least twice in the first two years of the war, Union generals freed slaves in the border states only to have Lincoln revoke their orders. Why did Lincoln revoke the orders?

He personally supported slavery.

He feared emancipation would convince border states to join the Confederacy.

He was afraid the Confederate government would kill Union prisoners of war as an act of retribution.

He sought to keep Britain from intervening on the side of the Confederacy.

. The Union's "hard war" policy

Prohibited the use of black troops in the US army.

Allowed Union officers to kill Southern civilians.

Banned race discrimination in the US military.

Targeted the ability of Confederates to fight by destroying infrastructure, transportation networks, and food supplies for the Army.

. "One of the many ironies of the Civil War was that the first challenge to state rights came from Confederate leaders." Which of the following does NOT prove that statement?

The Confederate Congress passed a law allowing the first draft in American history.

The Confederate Congress compelled slave owners to make their slaves available for the Confederate draft.

The Confederate Congress adopted impressment.

The Confederate Congress approved a tax-in-kind.

. According to Lincoln, the war had given the US "a new birth of freedom"

By expanding the meaning of freedom to include black Americans.

By which he was referring only to white males.

Which was then more important, to him, than preservation of the Union.

None of the above.

. Grant's approach to making war

Was to avoid prolonged sieges and attack the enemy head on.

Allowed him to win victories without sacrificing many lives.

Exploited the Northâs manpower advantage.

Was similar to George B. McClellanâs cautious approach.

. The battle at Fort Pillow is noteworthy

As one of the most convincing Union victories.

As the battle that allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

As the site of Grantâs first victory as a commanding officer.

As one of the worst examples of racial atrocities throughout the war.

. For Confederates, black soldiers represented the worst threat that could be imagined. Which of the following serves as evidence of the statement above?

Confederates wrote public letters urging Lincoln to rescind the Emancipation Proclamation.

Confederates classified black soldiers as slaves in a state of insurrection, meaning they could be put to death if captured.

When they reached the Deep South, Black soldiers often performed night raids in which they freed slaves from plantations.

Jefferson Davis ordered the execution of Union prisoners of war in response to Lincolnâs Emancipation Proclamation.

. The U.S. Civil War

Was spurned by most European military experts, who did not see that the war offered them much to learn.

Witnessed tactical innovations but few weapons innovations.

Showed that Northerners could unanimously support the idea of a national draft.

Drew a host of foreign visitors to observe and learn from the conflict.

. Racial atrocities against black soldiers serving in the Union

Deterred thousands of blacks from enlisting in the Union army, which only had about 100,000 black men enlisted by warâs end.

Convinced even Southerners to free their slaves.

Shocked the Northern public.

None of the above.

. In contrast to Lincoln, his opponent in the 1864 election

Had no military experience.

Had been born and raised in the South.

Supported a policy of "total war"

Was committed to ending the war immediately.

. In the fall of 1864, Robert E. Leeâs main hope for success was

That Britain and France would join the Confederacy in its war against the US.

That Lincoln would be defeated in the election of 1864.

That the Confederacy would be able to draft black troops into its military.

That Sherman would reunite with Grant and leave the Deep South unmolested.

. Rather than solving the problem of sectionalism, in many respects the Civil War created a more distinct and coherent "South" than had ever existed in American history. Which of the following contributed to the creation of a more distinct and coherent "South"?

Slavery continued to divide the North from the South after the war.

The execution of Southern leaders further alienated the South from the North.

The sacrifices of war and humiliation of defeat provided a common basis for white southern identity in the postwar era.

The Wade-Davis Bill, a Reconstruction law passed by Congress, humiliated the South.

. In contrast to the Southern economy, the Northern economy

Experienced a boom in many industries but remained relatively stable throughout the war.

Was unaffected by the war.

Was almost destroyed by the damage inflicted to it by Southern armies.

Failed to utilize new technologies, and thus could not mass-produce items on the same scale as the South.

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