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. The NHS Constitution establishes principles and values that underpin the NHS. These include:

Legally enforceable rights correct incorrect

A right to choose a named consultant correct incorrect

Complaints must be properly investigated and dealt with correct incorrect

Not all NHS bodies need to be bound by the Constitution correct incorrect

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. Clinical governance is the system by which NHS agencies continually monitor and improve the quality of care. The main strands are:

Complaints handling and audit correct incorrect

Resource management correct incorrect

Professional regulation correct incorrect

Handling claims for clinical negligence correct incorrect

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. The Francis Report::

Was an inquiry into the Shipman affair correct incorrect

Resulted in several convictions of doctors for gross negligence manslaughter correct incorrect

Was a government public inquiry following the failings of the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Trust correct incorrect

Made recommendations that targets were the key priority for NHS Trusts correct incorrect

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. Research participants with capacity:

Can always give valid consent to participate correct incorrect

May be vulnerable due to their relationship with the researcher correct incorrect

Cannot give valid consent to participate correct incorrect

All of the above correct incorrect

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. The concept of 'exceptionality' in respect of resource allocation or rationing is:

Subject to judicial review correct incorrect

Applies only to patients who have a rare disease correct incorrect

Unrelated to economic considerations correct incorrect

Justified if there is a blanket policy for not funding high cost therapy correct incorrect

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. Randomised control trials (RCTs):

Are not required to be based on the concept of equipoise correct incorrect

Always have a control arm that uses placebo correct incorrect

Are considered to be the 'gold standard' for determining efficacy and safety in clinical research correct incorrect

Are always 'double blinded' correct incorrect

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. Epidemiological studies in medical research:

Require patient consent correct incorrect

Must always have research ethics committee approval correct incorrect

Are designed to establish the distribution of diseases and health related conditions correct incorrect

Uses patient identifiable data correct incorrect

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. The response to the Covid-19 pandemic:

Incorporates a range of evolving ethical and moral principles correct incorrect

Impacts upon civil liberties correct incorrect

Requires policy makers and healthcare workers have a duty to make decisions that are fair, just and equitable correct incorrect

Incorporates a range of evolving ethical and moral principles All of the above correct incorrect

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. Persons who lack capacity to consent:

May be perceived as being vulnerable in the context of clinical research trials correct incorrect

Are prohibited from participating in medical research correct incorrect

Can only take part if the research is 'therapeutic' correct incorrect

Participation is in breach of the Helsinki declaration correct incorrect

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. The court's approach to resource allocation disputes:

Are always decided in favour of patients correct incorrect

Is based on human rights jurisprudence correct incorrect

Are never successful because of inadequate funding of healthcare correct incorrect

Are potentially subject to judicial review if decisions are based on blanket policies correct incorrect