Chapter 8 Practice Quiz

. Neil and Carmichael (2015) analyzed the provincial use of incarceration and found that as ________ increased, so did the use of custody.

the number of employed police officers

Indigenous and minority populations

warm weather

impaired driving rates

correctional budgets

. Regarding intimate partner homicides in Canada, ________.

the battered woman defence has only been used in Canadian courts over the last decade

the battered woman defence has not been formally recognized by Canadian courts

the number of intimate partner homicides has been increasing since the 1990s

there has been an increase in the number of men being killed by their female partners

policies to address family violence against women have resulted in more men being saved than women

. Dangerous offenders in Canada are sentence to serve ________.

indeterminate sentences

determinate sentences

life without parole for 25 years

10 to 15 years

life without parole for 15 years

. ________ is a mandatory condition in a probation order.

Keeping the peace

Community service

Notification of a change of address

Both A and C

All of the above

. Homicide includes ________.

second-degree murder

first-degree murder

manslaughter

both A and C

all of the above

. Civil libertarians argue that mandatory sentences threaten ________.

law and order agendas

victim's rights

individualized justice

community safety

inflation rates

. An absolute discharge is only available in situations where ________.

the Court considers an absolute discharge to not be contrary to public interest

there is no minimum penalty for the offence

the offence is not punishable by imprisonment for 14 years or life

both A and C

all of the above

. Aggravating factors tend to focus on the________ while mitigating factors tend to address ________.

offence; offender's character

offender's; character, offence

police investigation; the impact on the victim

impact on the victim; police investigation

impact on the victim; offender's character

. The following statement about plea bargaining is not true: ________.

Plea bargaining increases the stress of being a witness

Reliance on plea bargaining is a relatively new practice

Plea bargaining provides certainty for all parties

Plea bargaining increases the risk of wrongful convictions

Plea bargaining allows prosecutors to get a conviction on weak cases

. If an offender has been convicted of four counts of break and enter and the judge sentences the offender to nine months on each count to be served over 36 months, the offender has received (a) ________.

conditional sentence

probation

intermittent sentence

consecutive sentence

concurrent sentence

. Probationary terms cannot exceed two years.

True

False

. Canadian courts, including the Supreme Court of Canada, have been supportive of mandatory minimum sentences enacted by the Safe Streets and Communities Act.

True

False

. Fines are imposed in less than one-third of all adult court cases.

True

False

. The average prison sentence length varies greatly among the provinces

True

False

. The principle of totality requires that the overall length of a single global sentence must not be unjustly long.

True

False

. Every offender convicted of first-degree murder must serve a minimum of 10 years before being eligible for parole.

True

False

. A conditional discharge remains on an individual's criminal record for only one year.

True

False

. Provincial inmates are eligible for earned remission, which is an early released based on good behaviour.

True

False

. Conditional sentences are rarely used by Canadian judges

True

False

. Over two-third of victims of family violence are women.

True

False

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