Chapter 11 Practice Quiz

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. In contrast to the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the Young Offenders Act (1984) featured a shift away from ________.

focus on crime correct incorrect

a focus on rehabilitation correct incorrect

a welfare approach correct incorrect

a cognitive behavioural model correct incorrect

a due process model correct incorrect

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. Key factors that play a role in the overrepresentation of Indigenous youth in the justice system include ________.

the long-term effects of colonization correct incorrect

bias on the past of justice system officials correct incorrect

the marginalization of Indigenous peoples correct incorrect

both B and C correct incorrect

all of the above correct incorrect

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. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, abandoned or orphaned children who immigrated to Canada were placed with families for several years to "work off" the costs of their travel to Canada. They were referred to as ________.

lost boys correct incorrect

welfare generation correct incorrect

indentured servants correct incorrect

boat children correct incorrect

controlled class correct incorrect

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. One reason it is difficult for youth members to exit gangs is (a) ________.

lack of parental role models correct incorrect

psychological disposition toward violence correct incorrect

media glorification of violence correct incorrect

boredom correct incorrect

lack of future orientation correct incorrect

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. Compared to adults, youth ________.

have better decision-making skills correct incorrect

lack sophistication correct incorrect

are more mature correct incorrect

are less impulsive correct incorrect

all of the above correct incorrect

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. One difference between the YOA and the YCJA is the requirement for probation officers preparing pre-sentence reports to consider ________.

criminogenic attitudes correct incorrect

seriousness of the offence correct incorrect

substance use history correct incorrect

rehabilitative prospects correct incorrect

alternatives to custody correct incorrect

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. The following statement about trauma is true: ________.

A large percentage of youth in the criminal justice system have been exposed to traumatic events correct incorrect

Exposure to trauma can lead to disturbed sleep, anger, and irritability correct incorrect

Youth can be re-traumatized by the actions of criminal justice system officials correct incorrect

both A and B correct incorrect

all of the above correct incorrect

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. The following statement about youth crime in Canada is not true: ________.

The volume of violent youth crime has been decreasing since 1998 correct incorrect

The severity of youth crime has been decreasing since 1998 correct incorrect

Youth homicide rates have been slowly increasing since 2009 correct incorrect

The number of youth court cases in Canada has been declining for the past two decades correct incorrect

The size of the youth population in Canada has grown in the past two decades correct incorrect

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. The maximum sentence in youth court allowed under the Youth Criminal Justice Act is ________.

five years for first-degree murder correct incorrect

two years custody correct incorrect

three years custody correct incorrect

until the youth turns 21 years of age correct incorrect

ten years for first-degree murder correct incorrect

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. Under the Juvenile Delinquents Act, some non-violent youth could be sent to ________.

gulags correct incorrect

secure custody facilities correct incorrect

training schools correct incorrect

pre-trial centres correct incorrect

open custody facilities correct incorrect

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. Amendments to the Youth Criminal Justice Act in 2012 emphasized the use of fair and proportionate sanctions.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Girls' involvement in crime often starts during the teen years and is different than what occurs for males.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. To date, there is no scientific evidence that the brain development of adolescents is different from adults.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. After the introduction of the Young Offenders Act, there was an increase in the use of informal alternatives to youth court.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Most serious offences are committed by young males.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The number of youth court cases has been declining for over two decades.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. In Canada and the United States, many young women were placed in training schools for experimenting with their sexuality.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Gang members are responsible for a disproportionately high amount of youth crime.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Gangs in Canada tend to be very diverse and multicultural in their composition.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. A review of youth court statistics reveal that the number of youth placed in open and secure custody facilities has increased since the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect