Animal Behavior 11e Audio 2.1: White-crowned sparrow songs

Listen to the variation in the songs of these male white-crowned sparrows. Notice not only how different the syllables sound, including the “note complex” and the “trill” at the end of the song that is composed of rapidly repeated sounds, but that some elements are darker (and louder) than others.

Textbook Reference: Box 2.1 INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES: Characterizing sounds made by animals, p. 27