Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions

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. There are many properties of the element carbon which make it an important, almost unique, element. Which one of the following is perhaps the least important to a pharmacist (though nonetheless, is still interesting)?

Carbon is able to bond to many other elements in the periodic table and hence become a part of a very wide range of organic compounds. correct incorrect

A number of allotropes of carbon are now familiar – initially just diamond and graphite were known, though more recently, buckminsterfullerene and grapheme have also been reported. correct incorrect

Carbon is able to bond to itself and form chains of atoms (it is able to catenate) in a way that few other elements can. correct incorrect

Carbon is able to form single, double and triple bonds with a neighbouring carbon atom, affecting the shape (and other properties) of the resulting compounds. correct incorrect

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. The shape of a molecule is very important in pharmacy. Which of the following observations help to support this statement?
1. Shape governs the way in which a substrate binds to an enzyme
2. Shape governs the way in which a molecule may act as a drug
3. Shape (as well as the functional groups present) governs how a drug binds to a receptor site
4. Variations in three-dimensional shape can result in significant differences in the behaviour of a molecule in the human body

1, 2, 3 & 4 correct incorrect

1, 2 and 3 correct incorrect

2 and 4 correct incorrect

2, 3 and 4 correct incorrect

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. Which of the following electronic configurations is the best description of carbon in its ground state?

1s² 2s² 2p² correct incorrect

1s² 2s² 2p_x² correct incorrect

1s² 2s² 2p_x¹ 2p_y¹ correct incorrect

1s² 2s¹ 2p_x¹ 2p_y¹ 2p_z¹ correct incorrect

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. The compound shown below has the unsystematic name, oxotremorine. It has been investigated in the search for effective drugs to combat Parkinson's disease:

Which of the following options gives the numbers of sp, sp² and sp³ hybridised carbon atoms present (in that order) in this compound?

3, 0, 9 correct incorrect

2, 0, 10 correct incorrect

2, 1, 9 correct incorrect

9, 2, 1 correct incorrect

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. The structure of the sedative, ethchlorvinyl is shown below. What are the approximate bond angles around the three carbon atoms marked as 1, 2 and 3?

180, 109 and 120^o respectively correct incorrect

120, 109 and 180^o respectively correct incorrect

180, 90 and 120^o respectively correct incorrect

120, 90 and 180^o respectively correct incorrect

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. The structure of the sedative ethchlorvinyl was shown in Question 5. Place the C≡C, C=C and C-C bonds in order of decreasing bond length (longest carbon to carbon bond first).

C≡C > C=C >C-C correct incorrect

C=C > C≡C, >C-C correct incorrect

C-C, > C≡C > C=C correct incorrect

C-C > C=C > C≡C correct incorrect

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. Which of the following is NOT an intermolecular force?

London dispersion forces correct incorrect

Hydrogen bonding correct incorrect

Covalent bonding correct incorrect

Dipole-dipole interactions correct incorrect

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. The two compounds shown below are the analgesics, paracetamol and phenacetin (phenacetin is the ethyl ether of paracetamol). Which one of the following statements concerning the hydrogen bonding of these compounds with water is not correct?

The C=O groups in both compounds may act as hydrogen bond acceptors with other molecules, such as water. correct incorrect

The N-H groups in both compounds may act as hydrogen bond donors with other molecules, such as water. correct incorrect

Paracetamol may hydrogen bond to water via its OH group, but phenacetin cannot to do so via the corresponding OCH₂CH₃ group in its structure. correct incorrect

The lone pair of electrons on the N atom means that both compounds may act as hydrogen bond acceptors with molecules, such as water. correct incorrect

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. What process is being described by the following curly arrow?

The motion of a pair of electrons from a region of high electron density to a region of lower electron density. correct incorrect

The motion of a pair of electrons from a region of low electron density to a region of higher electron density. correct incorrect

The motion of a single electron from a region of high electron density to a region of lower electron density. correct incorrect

The motion of a single electron from a region of low electron density to a region of higher electron density. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following examples illustrate the correct use of curly arrows in reaction mechanisms?

(I) and (II) correct incorrect

(I) and (III) correct incorrect

(II) and (III) correct incorrect

(III) and (IV) correct incorrect