Chapter 4 Practice Quiz

Techno-Social Designing
. Most users don't consider the creative processes that underlie technological invention because ________.

. Which of the following examples described in the textbook best represents the concept of retro-analysis:

. ________ examines how physical artifacts, social institutions, and the social context all interact in complex ways to influence design and cause social change.

. Hughes developed the ________ with the aim of understanding the design and development process of technologies in the context of societal forces.

. The term that describes the imbalance in the growth of a system's sub-components is ________.

. Which of the following government organizations has helped provide funding to the gaming industry?

. The term "technopole" was coined by ________.

. ________ are newly created companies with a strong emphasis on R&D.

. The textbook discusses how startup companies often rely on ________ and ________ to help them establish their operations.

. The term technological redlining was introduced by Noble to describe which of the following:

. The work culture of software development teams is characterized by:

. The main goal of corporate social responsibility or CSR is as follows:

. The conceptualization of R&D put forth by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) includes ________.

. In his analysis of economic development, Schumpeter identified ________ as a central activity of economic prosperity.

. Schumpeter divides the creative process into distinguishable stages. ________ is NOT a stage of the creative process.

. Four kinds of changes occur during the innovation stage, one of them being ________.

. In his book What would Google do? Jeff Jarvis proposes that Google has been successful because ________.

. Schumpeter's economic and social analysis suggests that ________ is at the centre of economic development and closely linked to the structure of society.

. In 2016, the G20 country that spent the highest percentage of its GDP on R&D was ________.

. In 2006, Google purchased ________ for $1.65 billion USD, even though it had not yet made a profit.

. The study of technology tends to focus on the creative processes that take place in the design and implementation phases of technological development without giving much consideration to the technologies that are widely used in society.

. The concept of retro-analysis refers to a trend where accounts and analyses of how a technology was designed are often relevant (or have social significance) only until the technology is widely adopted. After the technology has been normalized, there is no longer much interest in these analyses.

. Bánáthy (1997) defines an actor network as "a configuration of parts connected and joined together by a web of relationships."

. Florida suggests that individuals that possess a high degree of education, skills, and creativity are members of the creative class.

. Reverse salients need to be identified first as critical problems to be solved.

. Software cowboys prevent the creation of highly cohesive software development teams.

. To be a legitimate start-up company, the business needs to have established itself with no external help (from venture capital firms or angel investors).

. Information systems development refers to software that is produced in large quantities and can be obtained off the shelf.

. Vancouver is considered a technopole because of its flourishing gaming industry.

. Supplier factories are factories dedicated solely to the mass production of goods for the technology industry.

. Based on Marx's work on exploitation, scholars and social activists have proposed alternative models that can help improve working conditions in supplier factories.

. Kodak and Polaroid saw their business model and profits vanish as a result of inefficient R&D and their slow uptake of digital photography.

. Schumpeter used the term "process of circular flow" to summarize the social, economic, and cultural consequences that innovation brought about.

. The higher the expenditure in terms of capital, people, and infrastructure a nation makes into R&D, the greater the economic return.

. When looking at the gross domestic expenditure in R&D for 2016, it becomes clear that Canada makes the largest R&D investment of all G20 countries.

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