Chapter 9 Quiz

. Which of the following is true of declarative memory?

Encoding is thought to only occur in the medial temporal lobes.

Only the areas needed for encoding are activated during retrieval.

The posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex are important for encoding and retrieval.

The conscious recollection of declarative memory depends on activation of subcortical regions.

Executive control for processing incoming information occurs in the medial temporal lobes.

. Semantic memory

appears to be mediated by the medial temporal lobe cortices.

is affected when lesions are limited to the hippocampus.

probably develops after episodic memory.

is the memory for events.

deficits are demonstrated when patients are asked to draw a figure from memory.

. Which of the following is not true of declarative memory?

Declarative memory is divided into semantic and episodic memory.

Only semantic memory contributes to autobiographical memory.

Episodic memory is divided into recollection and familiarity.

Familiarity includes some mechanisms involved in semantic and nondeclarative memory.

Declarative memory is the conscious memory for events and facts.

. The hippocampus appears to be important for

the encoding phase of episodic memory.

the storage phase of episodic memory.

the retrieval phase of recent episodic memories.

providing an index that points to locations of memories distributed over the cortex.

All of the above

. Consolidation

involves the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices.

includes the storage and loss of memory traces.

necessitates a retrieval cue.

involves the activation of the hippocampus for stabilizing some memories.

shows that no memory traces are lost, but they can't be accessed.

. Damage to the hippocampus

explains why selective memory loss occurs.

suggests that memory traces are stored in the hippocampus.

shows the hippocampus is an important part of system consolidation.

produces retrograde amnesia for remote events.

can block access to a vast number of cortical memory traces.

. The primary cortical input to the hippocampus comes from the

entorhinal cortex.

parahippocampal cortex.

subiculum.

fornix.

cingulate cortex.

. Place cells in the hippocampus of rodents and humans supports the

episodic memory theory.

relational memory theory.

cognitive map theory.

semantic memory theory.

nonspatial memory theory.

. Semantic dementia

occurs with damage to cortical regions in the anterior temporal lobe.

starts with severe language deficits.

usually affects nonverbal episodic memory tasks.

does not affect nonverbal semantic knowledge tests.

occurs with damage to the hippocampus.

. Evidence linking the perirhinal cortex to familiarity and the hippocampus to recollection

is shown by activity in the perirhinal cortex that decreases gradually as items are regarded as more and more familiar.

provides support for both the two- and three-process theories.

is shown by activity in the hippocampus that decreases sharply for items recognized as old.

supports the two-process theory but not the three-process theory.

is provided by the hippocampus processing relational and spatial information relatively rapidly, whereas the perirhinal cortex processes item-based information more slowly.

. The sensory/functional theory for how semantic knowledge is organized is supported by

motor disorders and TMS-based disruption of motor cortex do not produce selective deficits in the comprehension of action verbs.

evidence from brain-damaged patients who show disproportionate and even selective impairments for one semantic category compared to others.

semantic deficits for living things that occur without sensory deficits.

functional neuroimaging evidence that processing linguistic stimuli activates brain regions associated with their corresponding sensory and functional properties.

animate knowledge deficits often associated with lesions of the frontoparietal cortex and deficits in inanimate knowledge with temporal cortex damage.

. Which of the following supports the concept of transfer-appropriate processing?

Semantic encoding tasks yield better performance in a typical retrieval test emphasizing word sound.

Pair-recall neurons do not respond more strongly to associated pictures than to distractors presented during delay periods.

Retrieval reactivations may reflect the specific strategies used to encode the stimuli.

The presence of encoding-related reactivations is demonstrated by retrieval activity in brain regions associated with the study contexts only when these contexts are presented during retrieval.

None of the above

. Subsequent memory effects are demonstrated

by greater encoding activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus for words that were subsequently remembered than for words subsequently forgotten.

in the anterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and likely reflect phonological processing.

in the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus and likely reflect enhanced semantic processing.

usually in the middle frontal gyrus (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex).

by comparing encoding-phase activity for items that are forgotten versus those remembered in a subsequent memory test.

. Which provides the typical order for episodic memory retrieval?

retrieval cue, monitoring, memory search, recovery of memory traces

retrieval cue, memory search, recovery of memory traces, monitoring

recovery of memory traces, retrieval cue, monitoring, memory search

recovery of memory traces, memory search, monitoring, retrieval cue

memory search, retrieval cue, recovery of memory traces, monitoring

. Which brain region is activated more during retrieval than during encoding?

Left middle frontal gyrus

Anterior left inferior frontal gyrus

Right middle frontal gyrus

Anterior right inferior frontal gyrus

Posterior parietal cortex

. Frontal lobe lesions

cause devastating amnesia.

affect recognition memory tasks more than recall tasks.

typically cause confabulations.

cause source memory deficits that may reflect impairments in encoding processes.

All of the above

. Which of the following is true of confabulations?

They only occur in response to direct questions.

They only found in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome.

Spontaneous confabulations are found in patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices.

They are primarily due to confusion about the temporal order of events.

They typically occur in patients with dorsolateral prefrontal lesions.

. Which portion of the posterior parietal cortex shows activations associated with familiarity and low-confidence recognition?

Ventral parietal cortex

Temporoparietal junction

Angular gyrus

Supramarginal gyrus

Dorsal parietal cortex

. Synaptic consolidation

takes days to months.

involves changes in gene expression and protein synthesis.

is enhanced by protein synthesis inhibitors.

occurs when a particular brain region that was necessary for post-encoding memory performance is no longer required.

is only important for declarative memory.

. Which experimental result implicates sleep in the consolidation of declarative memories?

Replay events of maze running in rodents during slow-wave sleep are found in the visual cortex but not the hippocampus.

Spatial memory after a nap improves for uncued but not cued objects.

Cues, present during learning, provided during slow-wave sleep increase hippocampal activity and improve memory for object locations the next day.

Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is more important for declarative memory than slow-wave sleep.

All of the above

Chapter 9 Quiz

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