Chapter 8 Quiz

. Which of the following does not involve memory?

Perception

Attention

Emotional responses

Detection of stimuli

Language

. Which of the following was a consequence of H.M.'s surgery?

His sensory detection was affected.

His motor skills were disrupted.

His working memory was disrupted.

His declarative memory was impaired.

He could not perform the mirror drawing task.

. Which structure was not affected by surgery in H.M.?

Hippocampus

Cingulate gyrus

Entorhinal cortex

Amygdala

Temporal lobe

. Encoding of memory involves

the retention of memory traces over time.

accessing stored memory traces.

changes in the strength and/or number of synaptic connections between neurons.

the conscious experience of remembering.

All of the above

. In a delayed non-match-to-sample test,

performance in monkeys is disrupted by medial temporal lobe lesions.

rats must find a hidden platform.

two stimuli are first presented as the sample.

a stimulus and reward are visible during the delay phase.

a reward is only available under the original stimulus.

. Nondeclarative memory

is part of working memory.

includes priming, conditioning, and skill learning.

includes episodic and semantic memories.

usually lasts seconds to minutes.

is conscious memory for events and facts.

. Loss of memory for information acquired after damage or trauma is called

retrograde amnesia.

childhood amnesia.

working amnesia.

anterograde amnesia.

double dissociation.

. Brain-damaged patients who are impaired in working memory, but not in declarative memory, typically have damage in their

hippocampus.

amgydala.

left temporoparietal cortex.

right entorhinal cortex.

subiculum.

. Which of the following is hypothesized for medial temporal lobe involvement in working memory and nondeclarative memory?

Memories have to be maintained only briefly and are processed outside of consciousness.

The medial temporal lobes are critical for processing flexible memory representations.

The medial temporal lobes are activated only for new items consciously perceived as old and for subliminally encoded items.

The medial temporal lobes form memories that can not be applied in a context different from the one associated with encoding.

The medial temporal lobes can function in nondeclarative memory except priming.

. A gradual improvement in performance due to repeated practice is called

priming.

skill learning.

conditioning.

working memory.

perceptual learning.

. Priming can be measured as

an increase in the probability of generating a particular stimulus.

increases in processing speed.

changes in eye movements patterns.

an increase in the probability of completing word fragments with words presented previously.

All of the above

. In perceptual priming,

the test cue and the target are related, as in the word fragment completion test.

patients are impaired in word recognition.

the test cue and the target are related by having the same meaning.

the test cue and the target are associatively related.

the prime and target stimuli are the same.

. Which of the following suggests that perceptual priming depends on sensory cortices?

Neurons in visual processing regions show an increased level of firing when a novel visual stimulus is repeated.

Patients like M.S. do not show impaired priming in an implicit word identification test.

Neural priming does not lead to behavioral priming.

Repetition suppression is found in response to primed stimuli.

When a stimulus is repeated, neurons that are not essential for processing the stimulus respond more and more, leading to increased hemodynamic responses.

. Conceptual priming

is part of declarative memory.

is not sensitive to perceptual manipulations.

depends on conscious awareness.

is dependent on having intact medial temporal lobes.

is affected in amnesia patients.

. Repetition enhancement

is hypothesized to occur when priming might require the creation of new representations.

does not rely on a memory trace.

is hypothesized to occur when priming reflects a modification of stored representations.

does not occur for semantic or perceptual memory.

has been shown to occur in the hippocampus in response to unfamiliar faces.

. Which of the following is not an example of skill learning?

Riding a bicycle

Typing on a keyboard

Remembering where you learned to swim

Playing guitar

All of the above

. The serial reaction time task

tests motor sequence learning.

tests motor adaptation learning.

involves sensory-motor perturbations using prism goggles.

is affected in amnesia patients.

has an early learning phase, when performance improves slowly within a single training session.

. Language comprehension and music processing appear to rely mostly on

declarative memory.

motor skill learning.

episodic memory.

semantic skill learning.

perceptual skill learning.

. Perceptual skill learning has been associated with increased activity in the

amygdala.

left cingulate gyrus.

ventral, but not dorsal, visual pathway.

right fusiform face area.

motor cortex.

. Which of the following is true for the weather prediction task?

Amnesia and Alzheimer's patients do not learn the task as well as controls.

Amnesia patients do not learn the task as well as controls and Alzheimer's patients.

Alzheimer's patients do not learn the task as well as controls and amnesia patients.

Alzheimer's patients learn the task as fast as control patients.

The task suggests that the basal ganglia are not involved with cognitive skill learning.

. The probability of a behavioral response altered by associating the response with a reward (or punishment) is

operant conditioning.

demonstrated by Thorndike's puzzle box experiment with cats pressing levers.

instrumental conditioning.

demonstrated by Skinner's box with rodents and pigeons pressing levers.

All of the above

. If a conditioned animal performs a critical response but the unconditioned stimulus is no longer provided, the conditioned response gradually disappears. This is called

acquisition.

instrumental learning.

conditioned reflex.

extinction.

trace conditioning.

. Eyeblink delay conditioning depends on

the cerebellum.

the hippocampus.

both the cerebellum and hippocampus.

trace conditioning.

a brief time interval between the end of the conditioned stimulus and the start of the unconditioned stimulus.

. Which of the following are true for goal-directed actions and/or stimulus-driven habits?

Goal-directed strategies are mediated by the dorsal striatum.

Goal-directed strategies are mediated by the hippocampus.

Goal-directed strategies are habitual responses.

Stimulus-driven habits are disrupted by hippocampal lesions.

All of the above

. "Cells that fire together wire together," suggests that

memories are formed when synaptic associations grow stronger and tend to persist.

neurons develop connections that are destined for specific memories.

there is no biological basis for the concept of an engram.

postsynaptic, but not presynaptic, activity dictates whether synapses persist.

Hebb's ideas about memory were incorrect.

. A reduced response when the same stimulus is repeated over and over is

called sensitization.

called habituation

reflected by an increase in neurotransmitter release in the withdrawal response of Aplysia.

demonstrated by giving a shock to Aplysia.

mediated by long-term potentiation.

. Which of the following is true of long-term potentiation?

It can be demonstrated in the mammalian hippocampus but not the cortex.

It involves a decrease in neurotransmitter release with high-frequency stimulation.

It has been implicated in spatial memory in mice with their NMDA receptors knocked out genetically.

It displays specificity but not associativity.

There is an increase in the number of synaptic spines but no change in spine morphology.

Chapter 8 Quiz

Quiz Content