Chapter 7 Quiz

. A person with hemispatial neglect syndrome

ignores stimuli in middle half of both visual fields.

usually has a lesion in the right inferior parietal lobe.

can report seeing objects in the affected field but does not report seeing themselves in that field.

does not draw one side of a model house but can draw a proper clock face.

can never tell if a clinician's finger is moving if placed on the affected hand.

. Attentional control is thought to be controlled

by both the right and left parietal cortices for both sides of personal space.

only by the right parietal cortex for the left side and only the left parietal cortex for the right side.

by the left and right parietal cortices for the left side and only the left parietal cortex for the right side.

by the left and right parietal cortices for the right side and only the left parietal cortex for the left side.

by the left and right parietal cortices for the right side and only the right parietal cortex for the left side.

. Which of the following does not occur in Balint's syndrome?

Ability to attend to multiple objects

Oculomotor apraxia

Optic ataxia

Simultanagnosia

A bilateral lesion in the posterior parietal and lateral occipital cortex

. The Sprague effect

is thought to be due to cortical lesions.

occurs with a bilateral lesion of the superior colliculus.

may occur due lesions of the superior colliculus restoring a balance between the activity of the left and right parietal cortex.

occurs with lesions to the superior colliculus and parietal cortex on the same side.

is common in Balint's syndrome.

. Voluntary attentional control appears to be mediated by the

superior parietal cortex.

inferior frontal cortex.

posterior cingulate cortex.

posterior parietal and superior frontal cortex.

pyriform cortex.

. In working through technical difficulties in localizing the "attentional aspect" of attentional control systems, one approach that proved useful was

ERP.

repeating a task often enough for averaging of responses.

the insertion of microelectrode arrays during neurosurgery.

slowing of the cue and response paradigm so that fMRI could resolve the temporal components.

combining ERP studies with simultaneous PET studies.

. Electrophysiological studies of attentional control

suggest that different brain areas are important when compared with results from neuroimaging studies.

show that neurons in the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area are important for planning saccades.

suggest that the LIP but not frontal eye fields are important for attentional control.

show that neuronal activity in LIP is modulated by factors associated with motor planning.

All of the above

. The premotor theory of attention suggests that

shifts of attention and preparation of goal-directed action are closely linked.

shifts of attention and preparation of goal-directed action have different sensory-motor mechanisms.

saccade-related circuitry does not mediate covert visual spatial attention.

the posterior parietal cortex mediates shifts in attention.

saccades are controlled mostly by the parietal cortex.

. Preparatory bias in cued-attention studies is

demonstrated after the presentation of a visual target.

due to bottom-up control by the primary sensory cortices.

due to decreased background signalling of V4 neurons with stimuli in their receptive fields.

triggered by cues that are not attended.

demonstrated with ERP, fMRI, and single-unit recordings.

. Attentional reorienting

occurs when validly cued stimuli are targeted.

involves a quicker response in the visual cortex to invalid cued stimuli.

involves activation of the ventral frontoparietal system.

is a stimulus-triggered shift in attention shown in visual cortex neurons.

cannot be demonstrated using fMRI.

. Visual search is

facilitated with more distractors.

takes more time with more distractors.

difficult with only one featural difference between the target and distractors.

easy when there are several featural differences between the target and distractors.

faster in a conjunctional search versus a pop-out search.

. Feature integration theory

cannot account for illusory conjunctions.

proposes that attention helps to resolve the binding problem.

proposes that information about spatial location is determined by a single feature of the target.

uses saliency maps to account for top-down control of visual search.

accounts for using a single perceptual features when searching for a target.

. During visual search for pop-out stimuli,

a negative wave peaking at 250 ms (N2pc) is evoked.

N2pc activity is evoked in the parietal and occipital regions contralateral to the pop-out location.

attentional shifts result in a second negative wave 100 ms after the first but on the contralateral side where the new stimulus is given.

the anatomical basis for the N2pc activity can be demonstrated using ERP and MEG.

All of the above

. In the combined endogenous/exogenous model of attentional control proposed by Corbetta and Shulman,

there are alerting, orienting, and executive systems.

a limbic component computes the motivational relevance of external events.

a dorsal frontoparietal network controls endogenous shifts of attention, and a right ventral system controls reorienting and the exogenous capture of attention.

the alerting system is mediated by the brain's dopamine system.

a frontal component converts strategies for attentional shifting into specific motor acts.

. The temporal sequence of attentional orientation appears to be activation first in the

sensory cortex and then the frontal and parietal cortices.

frontal cortex then the sensory cortex with both of these influencing the parietal cortex.

frontal cortex then the parietal cortex with both of these influencing the sensory cortex.

parietal cortex then the frontal cortex with no influence on the sensory cortex.

parietal cortex then the sensory cortex.

. The default-mode network

is a set of brain areas that become relatively more active when someone is not engaged in an attentionally demanding task.

includes the anterior cingulate cortex.

shows greater activity during the processing of specific cognitive tasks than during resting states.

is activated for demanding cognitive tasks.

shows normal activity patterns in autism and schizophrenia.

. The role of the frontal cortex in attentional control

appears to differ across modalities.

is debated for the auditory system.

can be viewed as secondary to primary sensory cortex.

is as a key component for executive control.

cannot be elucidated with current techniques.

. Sleep is best described as

the termination of sensory input.

a succession of stages with changing brain activity.

the result of diminished brain activity.

the secretion of orexin.

All of the above

. Most dreaming occurs during

Stage 1 sleep.

Stage 2 sleep.

Stage 3 sleep.

Stage 4 sleep.

REM sleep.

. Which of the following is not thought to be involved in the regulation of arousal?

Hippocampus

Tuberomammillary nuclei

Locus coeruleus

Raphe nucleus

Reticular activating system

. Which of the following is thought to be true about consciousness?

Most scientists agree on the definition.

It is usually defined as being awake but not necessarily aware of external stimuli.

It occurs when we are subjectively aware of the world and of ourselves as actors in it.

The neural correlates of consciousness only involve primary sensory cortices.

The basis of consciousness is short latency neural activity.

. Blindsight patients

are capable of making correct visual responses within their scotoma more often than expected by chance.

have lesions in extrastriate cortex.

can see when the primary visual cortex is stimulated.

make correct visual responses due to connections from primary visual cortex to secondary visual cortex.

can distinguish colors but not the orientation of a line.

Chapter 7 Quiz

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