Chapter 2 Outline

Introduction
Introductory Box: Early Brain Mapping in Humans
Brain Perturbations That Elucidate Cognitive Functions
- Perturbations imposed by stroke, trauma, or disease
- Pharmacological perturbations
- Perturbation by intracranial brain stimulation
- Perturbation by extracranial brain stimulation
- Optogenetics
Box 2A: An Introduction to Structural Brain Imaging Techniques
Box 2B: Imaging Structural Connections in the Brain
Measuring Neural Activity during Cognitive Processing
- Direct electrophysiological recording from neurons
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Event-related potentials (ERPs)
- Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
- Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (functional MRI or fMRI)
- Using fMRI to analyze activation patterns within a brain area
- Using fMRI to examine activity relationships between brain areas
- Optical brain imaging
Assembling Evidence and Delineating Mechanisms
- Associations and dissociations
- Multimethodological approaches
Box 2C: Neuroimaging Genomics