Chapter 12 Quiz

. The vocal cords are located in the

pharynx.

oral cavity.

larynx.

area above the epiglottis.

trachea.

. Children with dyslexia

only have reading problems.

can have trouble writing.

have brain lesions in their visual word form areas (VWFA).

show BOLD signals in their VWFA.

have below normal intelligence.

. The peaks of power from sound pressure oscillations produced in the larynx are called

formants.

filters.

phonemes.

consonants.

syntax.

. Vowels and consonants are both examples of

phonemes.

tones.

clicks.

phones.

syllables.

. Which of the following is an example of a grapheme?

Chinese logograms

Egyptian hieroglyphs

Japanese symbols for syllables

English alphabet

All of the above

. The system of rules by which words are properly formed and combined is called

syntax.

sentencing.

context.

grammar.

word mutilation.

. The McGurk effect is when

the speech sounds we hear are strongly influenced by what we see.

a person imitates sounds they see made by another.

speech is understood from reading.

someone can read lips.

sounds are constructed from hand gestures.

. The perception and production of speech is

only determined genetically.

easily changed as people grow older.

limited by what speech sounds an infant hears.

limited by the number of people who speak to an infant.

limited to one language during development.

. A sensitive period for language acquisition

allows for learning just one language.

can last up to seven years for learning more than one language fluently.

does not exist.

explains why adults learn new languages without an accent.

is over after one year of age.

. Which of the following is not thought to be involved with language learning in children?

Extensive exposure

Practice

Fast mapping

Grouping speech sounds

Diet

. Language deprivation, such as in the case of Genie,

results in brain damage.

can cause mental retardation.

leads to an inability to learn grammar.

causes an abnormal personality.

leads to an inability to learn new words.

. Connectionist theory

suggests that the strength of word associations depends on the relative strength of synaptic connections.

supports a universal grammar.

suggests that all languages have deep structures that are transformed into the surface structures of particular languages.

states that all vertebrates produce sounds through the same mechanisms.

cannot explain how word associations are made.

. Aphasia means having

difficulty understanding language.

difficulty producing language.

difficulty understanding and producing language.

difficulty breathing while speaking.

difficulty hearing.

. Production or motor aphasia

is due to damage in Wernicke's area.

produces alexias.

produces an inability to speak.

is due to damage in Broca's area.

is due to damage to the posterior and superior regions of the left temporal lobe.

. Which of the following is characteristic of Wernicke's aphasia?

Fluent speech

Adequate syntax

Adequate grammar

Comprehension problems

All of the above

. Split-brain patients demonstrate that

only the left hemisphere is involved in language.

there is a role for the right hemisphere in language.

only objects in the left visual field can be described verbally.

words presented in the right visual field are not understood.

they can name non-visible objects that they identify by feeling with the left hand.

. Left-handed people

do worse in school than right-handed people.

cannot use scissors or can openers properly.

usually have their major language functions in their left hemisphere.

do not succeed in athletics as much as right-handed people do.

have reduced right cerebral hemispheres compared to right-handed people.

. Aprosodias

are due to damage in the left cerebral hemisphere.

cause speech to be more emotional.

are characterized by monotonic, or robotic, speech.

make speech easier to understand.

occur with stimulation of the right cerebral hemisphere.

. The temporal components of semantic stimuli are best studied using

event-related potentials (ERPs).

positron-emission tomography (PET).

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

neurosurgery.

Wada test.

. Which of the following is true of signed language?

It does not show any deficits when damage occurs in the left hemisphere.

It is not localized to either hemisphere.

Signing aphasias only occur in deaf people who learn language later in life.

It is more resilient to brain damage than spoken language.

It is usually processed in the left hemisphere like spoken language.

. Which of the following is not true about the FOXP2 gene?

It is expressed only in humans.

A mutation in this gene causes incomprehensible speech.

The mechanism is not known for how the gene product.

A mutated gene causes more motor problems than comprehension problems.

Mutations in this gene affect more than language.

. Human language appears unique from non-human language in that

it has a sensitive period during development.

the vocally relevant parts of the brain are already prepared in early life.

it uses recursive grammar.

early sensory exposure and practice are key determinants of subsequent perceptual and behavioral capabilities

All of the above

. Non-human primates

cannot use different signals to represent different types of threats.

can learn to use symbols for numbers but not for words.

can learn to use symbols for words but not for numbers.

can integrate auditory and visual information to determine which vocalization to produce.

can learn vocabularies as fast as children can.

Chapter 12 Quiz

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