Chapter 1 Quiz

. Behaviorism

involves highly controlled experiments.

rejects subjective work on mental functions.

matches objective external stimuli to measurable behavior.

led to the discovery of operant conditioning.

All of the above

. According to Miller's view of memory, which of the following is true?

Perceptual judgments can represent up to 20 bits of memory.

Memory processes recode complex stimuli into smaller units for cognitive processing.

Memory is a passive representation of sensory stimuli.

Behavior based on memory does not have to be explained in terms of underlying processes.

Rewards make it more likely that subjects will better remember the behavior just prior to receiving the reward.

. Who used human language as an argument that behaviorism could never explain the structural and generative properties of mental phenomena?

B. F. Skinner

George Miller

Noam Chomsky

John Watson

William James

. Cognitive models

explain brain-behavior relationships based strictly on input-output relationships.

unify research on mental processes based on specific experimental approaches.

differ from stimulus-response models by predicting that sensory input leads to some behavioral output.

suggest that psychological processes and internal states are based on factors extrinsic to a specific experiment.

suggest that internal mechanisms are not necessary for understanding behavior.

. Psychological constructs

help explain diverse phenomena without reference to their ultimate causes in the brain.

are elements of cognitive models.

can spark new and unexpected research directions..

can lead to progress with gradual refinement and careful experimentation.

All of the above

. Neuroscience is concerned with

the organization and function of animal and human nervous systems.

only the nervous systems of simple animal models.

proving phrenology correct.

dismissing the localization of function in the brain.

the psychic "spirits" hypothesized by Descartes.

. Which of the following turned out to be a correct idea from phrenology?

The cerebral cortex can be mapped by bumps on the skull.

Skull measurements have direct relationships to underlying brain structure and function.

Different parts of the brain contribute to different sorts of information processing.

Phrenology is accepted as a medical practice today.

The function of the cerebral cortex coincides with the relative size of skull contours.

. Neural signals are

transmitted from the neuronal cell body to other neurons via dendrites.

received by dendrites from other neurons.

conducted from the axon to the neuronal cell body.

electrical signals that are only found in dendrites.

neurotransmitters that diffuse down axons and continue as electrical synapses across synapses.

. Action potentials are

neurotransmitters that cross the synapse.

used mostly to transmit information between neurons.

signals that normally travel from the cell body to the dendrites.

signals transmitted long distances along neuronal axons.

electrical signals that are too small to measure.

. Which of the following is true about synapses?

Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft of synapses.

The terminals of neuronal axons release neurotransmitters at synapses.

Neurotransmitters bind to receptor molecules on target neurons.

Synapses form inputs onto the dendrites of neurons.

All of the above

. Which is true of the somatosensory cortex?

Each part of the body is equally represented across its surface.

Penfield used weak electrical currents on its surface to elucidate a sensory map of the body.

Stimulation of its surface results in movement of a specific part of the body.

Sherrington was the first to map the somatosensory cortex.

A motor homunculus is represented on the somatosensory cortex.

. Cognitive neuroscience

is driven primarily by the search for neuronal correlates of cognition.

is studied mostly by using an MRI scanner to understand cognitive functions.

attempts to create biologically grounded models of cognitive function.

closely resembles behaviorism in its approach to understanding behavior and cognition.

relies mostly on the study of brain anatomy.

. The approach of combining results from multiple experimental paradigms to understand a single theoretical concept is called

convergence.

complementarity.

social cognition.

electroencephalography.

phrenology.

. Cognitive neuroscientists benefit from

using different experimental methods to arrive at the same conclusion.

different techniques for understanding brain function.

meta-analysis techniques.

using human and animal subjects.

All of the above

. Which technique demonstrates the most spatial resolution for studying brain function?

Single neuron (unit) recording

Event-related potentials (ERPs)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Positron emission tomography (PET)

. Which technique provides information about blood metabolism?

Event-related potentials (ERPs)

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Single neuron (unit) recording

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

. Which technique can be used to alter brain function to understand how a specific brain region may be involved with a specific cognitive process?

Single neuron (unit) recording

Positron emission tomography (PET

Event-related potentials (ERPs)

Drug administration

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

. Which of the following is an important part of meta-analysis?

It uses one study with many research subjects.

It combines data across multiple studies to effectively increase the sample size.

It relies on the use of small samples sizes from a single study.

It forces researchers to use the same technique.

Physiological data are usually a key component.

. Which of the following identifies a comprehensive set of studies on the same cognitive function and then looks for similarities among their results?

Quantitative meta-analysis

Activation likelihood estimation

Qualitative meta-analysis

Semantic meta-analysis

Scientometrics

. Which of the following combines studies according to similarity in their underlying concepts?

Quantitative meta-analysis

Activation likelihood estimation

Qualitative meta-analysis

Semantic meta-analysis

Fourier analysis

Chapter 1 Quiz

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