Nicotine and Caffeine

 

Nicotine

Background and History

Basic Pharmacology of Nicotine and Its Relationship to Smoking

Features of tobacco smoking and nicotine pharmacokinetics

Features of e-cigarette vaping and nicotine pharmacokinetics

Nicotine metabolism

Mechanisms of Action

Behavioral and Physiological Effects

Nicotine elicits different mood changes in smokers compared with nonsmokers

Nicotine enhances cognitive function

Nicotine exerts both reinforcing and aversive effects

Nicotine produces a wide range of physiological effects

Nicotine is a toxic substance that can be fatal at high doses

Chronic exposure to nicotine induces tolerance and dependence

Cigarette Smoking and Vaping

What percentage of the population are current users of tobacco and/or e-cigarettes?

Nicotine users progress through a series of stages in their pattern and frequency of use

Box 13.1 The Cutting Edge How Safe Are E-cigarettes?

Why do smokers smoke and vapers vape?

Smoking is a major health hazard and a cause of premature death

Behavioral and pharmacological strategies are used to treat tobacco dependence

Caffeine

Background

Basic Pharmacology of Caffeine

Behavioral and Physiological Effects

Acute subjective and behavioral effects of caffeine depend on dose and prior exposure

Caffeine consumption can enhance sports performance

Regular caffeine use leads to tolerance and dependence

Caffeine and caffeine-containing beverages pose health risks but also exert therapeutic benefits

Mechanisms of Action