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. Thucydides developed the idea of a single Peloponnesian War.

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. The Peloponnesian War stretched from 450 to 404 BC.

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. During the second year of the war, the Athenians suffered from a virulent plague.

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. Like most of his political predecessors, Cleon came from the Athenian aristocracy.

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. Cleon and Demosthenes led a successful effort to capture or kill Spartan hoplites on Sphacteria.

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. In 422 BC, both Cleon and the Spartan leader Brasidas were killed in battle.

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. According to the terms of the Peace of Nicias, Athens retained its empire.

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. As part of the Peace of Nicias, Amphipolis agreed to return to Athenian control.

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. After defeating Melos, the Athenians extended mercy to all the men on the island.

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. Alcibiades, who advocated for intervention in Sicily, was sent there with three other strategoi.

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. Alcibiades persuaded the Athenians to bring him back by promising them Persian support.

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. In 411 BC, the oligarchic Council of Four Hundred staged a coup and took control of Athens.

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. Shortly after the Council of Four Hundred took power, they were replaced by the Five Thousand.

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. After the Spartan victory at Aegospotami, the Athenians were unable to import any grain.

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