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. The plasma of a normal adult:

is about 60% water. correct incorrect

accounts for 10% of body weight correct incorrect

contains about 8 mmoles l^-1 of potassium (k⁺) correct incorrect

contains about 140 mmoles l^-1 of sodium (na⁺) correct incorrect

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. For a healthy adult of 65-70 kg body weight:

The blood pH is 7.0 correct incorrect

There are about 4.5 x 10¹² red cells per litre. correct incorrect

The blood volume would be about 5 litres. correct incorrect

There are about 1 x 10⁹ leukocytes per litre. correct incorrect

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. Which of the following statements concerning normal human red cells is correct?

Are released into the circulation as immature cells called reticulocytes. correct incorrect

Live in the blood for about 120 days. correct incorrect

Rely on glycolysis for their ATP production. correct incorrect

Are formed by budding off from large precursor cells called megakaryocytes. correct incorrect

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. The following statements refer to gas carriage by the blood which are correct?

After leaving the lungs, each litre of blood contains about 20 ml of oxygen. correct incorrect

Haemoglobin is half saturated with oxygen when the PO2 is about 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg) and PCO2 is 5.3 kPa (40 mm Hg), correct incorrect

As the PCO2 rises, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is decreased correct incorrect

Each litre of arterial blood contains about 500 ml of carbon dioxide correct incorrect

* not completed

. Which of the following statements regarding the platelets is correct?

Are present in greater number than red cells. correct incorrect

Secrete the main clotting factors. correct incorrect

Will adhere to the walls of damaged blood vessels. correct incorrect

Aggregate in the presence of prostacyclin. correct incorrect

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. Neutrophils are agranulocytes

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Haemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of factor IX

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. People with blood group AB have antibodies to both A and B red cell antigens

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The following statements refer to the mechanisms of haemostasis which are correct?

Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways lead to the activation of Factor X correct incorrect

All the clotting factors are produced by the liver correct incorrect

Coagulation can be prevented by adding EDTA or citrate to a sample of blood correct incorrect

Haemostasis is significantly impaired when the platelet count falls below 25 �10⁹ l^-1 (i.e. 25,000 per microlitre). correct incorrect

Failure of haemostasis is always caused by a deficiency of Factor VIII correct incorrect

Haemostasis is initiated when tissue factor comes into contact with blood correct incorrect

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. A sample of blood from young man is found to contain 4.8x10¹² red cells l^-1, 14.8 g dl^-1 haemoglobin and has a haematocrit of 0.45. These values all fall within the normal range.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. From the values given for the previous question, which of the following statements about the blood sample are correct? For parts (c) and (d) refer to Figure 25.6 for the change in Hb saturation with PO2. Assume that PCO2 is 5.3 kPa (40 mm Hg); 1 g Hb binds 1.34 ml O2 when fully saturated and O2 solubility is 0.225 ml l^-1. kPa (0.03 ml l^-1 mm Hg^-1). You may find it helpful to use a calculator.

The average volume of the red cells is 94x10^-15l (94 fl). correct incorrect

The total amount of haemoglobin in each red cell is 50x10^-12g. correct incorrect

The amount of oxygen carried by 1 dl blood (100 ml) when the PO2 is 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg) is 19.5 ml O2 correct incorrect

The amount of oxygen carried by 1 dl (100 ml) blood when the PO2 is 5.3 kPa (40 mm Hg) 10ml. correct incorrect

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. Mrs S is 35 years old and has been chronically tired and experiences palpitations on exercise. She looks pale and is experiencing heavy periods. A blood test shows that she has a haemoglobin of 8 g dl^-1 with a MCV of 70 fl. Which of the listed conditions is the likely cause of her malaise?

Sickle cell disease correct incorrect

Thalassaemia correct incorrect

Macrocytic anaemia correct incorrect

Microcytic anaemia correct incorrect

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. Mr O who is of African origin, complains of being tired and lethargic. He becomes breathless on exertion but is otherwise well. A blood test reveals his haemoglobin to be 7 g dl^-1 and his haematocrit is 38.5% with a red cell count of 3.5x10¹² per litre. What is the likely cause of his symptoms? (Hint: first calculate mean red cell volume and corpuscular haemoglobin)

Macrocytic anaemia correct incorrect

Microcytic anaemia correct incorrect

Sickle cell disease correct incorrect

Thalassaemia correct incorrect

* not completed

. Mr T has had a motorcycle accident which has ruptured an artery in his leg. On arrival in hospital he is found to have a blood haemoglobin of 5 g dl^-1 and it is decided to give him a blood transfusion to restore his blood volume. A short while after commencing the transfusion, he complains of feeling hot and is found to have a temperature of 40�C with a low blood pressure. What would be the most likely cause of this development?

He has acquired an infection from his wounds correct incorrect

He has been given a transfusion of incompatible blood correct incorrect

He is suffering from hypotension caused by blood loss correct incorrect