Chapter 12 Self-check questions

. Which statement below about the drug, ipilimumab, is false?

It is a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from a mouse antibody.

It was the first therapeutic checkpoint blockade approved.

It is a fully human monoclonal antibody

It has been shown to give durable anti-tumor responses (up to ten years) in some melanoma patients.

. Which statement about immunoediting is false?

It describes how the host immune system shapes tumor immunogenicity.

It involves three distinct phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The observation that patients who are taking immunosuppressive drugs are less likely to develop cancer supports the concept of immunoediting.

The correlation between the profile of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and patient prognosis and survival, supports the concept of immunoediting.

. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of cancer cells for avoiding immune destruction?

Loss of tumor antigens

Tumor resistance to T cell cytotoxic pathways.

Downregulation of antigen-presenting molecules, such as MHC.

Inducing the production of hybridomas which lead to an upregulation of monoclonal antibodies.

. Which of the following strategies are NOT being developed to increase the affinity of T cells for tumors:

Genetically modifying tumor cells so they express more tumor antigen.

Removing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, selecting for anti-tumor activity, expanding them in vitro and transferring these cells back to the patient.

Creating chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) which combine monoclonal antibody sequences with T-cell receptor sequences.

Genetically modifying T cells from blood so that they express a high-affinity T-cell receptor.

. Which of the following statements about vaccines are false?

A vaccine is composed of antigen and adjuvant.

Unlike anti-angiogenic drugs, a vaccine directly targets the tumor..

Coley's vaccine contained heat-treated bacteria.

Cancer vaccines may be either prophylactic or therapeutic.

. Which of the following pairs of checkpoint molecules and their cellular response is incorrectly matched?

B7-CTLA-4: co-inhibitory T cell response

B7-CD28: co-stimulatory T cell response

B7- MHC: co-stimulatory T cell response

T cell receptor -MHC: initiation/stimulatory T cell response

. Immune cells that respond later during infection and specifically to antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells are:

Macrophages and dendritic cells

Derived from myeloid progenitor cells.

Basophils and neurtophils

T cells and B cells

. The immune system can recognize all of the following except:

Tumor-associated antigens

Tumor-specific antigens

Only tumor antigens that reside on the outside of the cell.

Cancer-causing viruses

. The following are aims of immunotherapies except:

To generate a population of T cells with long-term memory

To reverse immunosuppressive mechanisms exerted by tumor cells.

To use recombinant antibodies to deliver chemotherapies.

To block the signalling cascade of oncogenes.

. Which of the following statements about therapeutic antibodies are false:

They can be created in rodent cells and can be "humanized" or made fully human by transgenes.

They can lead to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

They can be used to deliver chemotherapies directly to tumors.

They can be used to bind directly to and interfere with MAP kinase signalling.

. The role of innate immunity in tumor suppression includes all of the following except:

Innate immune cells can recognize non-specific stress ligands and kill tumor cells that express these.

Innate immune cells can recognize specific tumor antigens and kill tumor cells that express these.

Innate immune cells are required for tumor antigen presentation to T cells.

Innate immune cells can kill tumor cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis.

. How do DNA and RNA cancer vaccines work?

DNA and RNA delivered by vaccines are presented by APC via MHC molecules to T cells.

DNA and RNA delivered by vaccines are taken up by APC cells, expressed into proteins in these cells, and processed for presentation to T cells via MHC molecules.

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