Chapter 3 Self-check questions and answers

1) Using correct anatomical terminology, how would you describe the position of your naval/umbilicus?

  1. In isolation?
  2. Relative to your nose?
  3. Relative to the small of your back?
  4. Relative to your foot?

2) Using correct terminology, how would you describe the position of the right lung?

  1. In isolation?
  2. Relative to the left lung?
  3. Relative to the left kidney?
  4. Relative to the right clavicle/ collarbone?

3) How many basic tissue types are there? Name them.

4) Name the 11 major organ systems of the human body.

5) What are the functions of the integumentary system?

6) a) At what age does the embryo implant into the uterine wall?
b) Name the hormone secreted by the cytotrophoblast that maintains the corpus luteum and hence the pregnancy?
c) What is the principal hormone produced by the corpus luteum?
d) Describe the functions of that hormone.

7) a) What is the key embryonic process that results in the formation of the three germ cell layers called?
b) Name the three layers.
c) Which tissues derive from each layer?

8) a) At what age do the lungs start to develop?
b) At what age is lung development complete?

9) What does ‘tissue plasticity’ mean?

10) Name the two main organ systems responsible for the control and coordination of homeostasis?

ANSWERS TO SELF CHECK QUESTIONS:

1) These could be described in a number of ways, the following are some examples:

  1. The umbilicus is superficially located on the midline of the abdomen.
  2. The umbilicus is inferior to the nose.
  3. The umbilicus is anterior to the small of the back.
  4. The umbilicus is superior and medial to the foot.

2) These could be described in a number of ways, for example:

  1. The right lung is located deep in the thoracic cavity.
  2. The right lung is contralateral to the left lung.
  3. The right lung is superior and contralateral to the left kidney.
  4. The right lung is inferior and ipsilateral to the right clavicle.

3) There are four basic tissue types: nervous tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and epithelial tissue.

4) The cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the nervous system, the endocrine system, the reproductive systems, the lymphatic system, the integumentary system, the muscular system and the skeletal system.

5) The integumentary system has several functions: isolation of the organism from the environment; sensing of environmental stimuli such as touch, pain, heat etc; protection of underlying tissues and organs; regulation of body temperature; elimination of waste.

6)

  1. Day 5
  2. human chorionic gonadotropin = hCG
  3. progesterone
  4. to keep the myometrium quiescent.

7)

  1. Gastrulation
  2. endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
  3. endoderm = GI tract, liver, respiratory system
    mesoderm = skeleton, muscle, kidney, heart, blood
    ectoderm = skin, nervous system.

8)

  1. Day 26 of embryonic development
  2. About eight years of age.

9) Tissue plasticity refers to the ability of a tissue to ‘remodel itself’ to respond to external stimuli or a change in physiological status by hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and/or rearrangement of the cells with one another.

10) The nervous system and the endocrine system.

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