Okami Chapter 10 Practice Test

. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of motivated behavior?

purposeful

caused by a specific mental stage

intentional

adaptive

. Motivation cannot be directly observed, but it may be measured by examining changes in the

reinforcing consequences of a behavior

frequency and independence of a behavior

emotional effort required to perform a behavior

intensity and persistence of behavior

. These are automatic behavioral tendencies that will occur reliably in all members of a species in response to some sort of cue from the environment.

adaptations

regressions

instincts

motivations

. When modern psychologists discuss reflexes and instincts, they often use this term.

fixed-action patterns

fixed-ratio behaviors

variable-action patterns

variable-skill sets

. Which of the following statements about instinctual behavior qualifies as a circular explanation?

Men are more interested in action movies because men are more aggressive.

Adolescents experience mood swings because of the changes in their hormonal secretions.

Humans are motivated to find mates because doing so is pleasurable and adaptive.

Babies instinctually turn their heads and open their mouths when something strokes their cheek so that they are prepared to feed.

. The balance state that drive theorists believe all motivation is designed to maintain is called

homeostasis

homeopathy

needs hierarchy

self-actualization

. Approaching a task for the experience of doing it, like volunteering on the weekends because you enjoy working with others, is likely the result of

intrinsic motivation

extrinsic motivation

drive reduction

self-actualization

. Which of the following needs did Kenrick and colleagues discard from Maslows original pyramid?

self-actualization needs

physiological needs

safety needs

esteem/respect needs

. Immediate needs for food, water, and shelter are on this level of analysis in Kenricks pyramid.

fundamental

evolutionary

cognitive

developmental

. If Dave describes Jen as an honest, conscientious, and sociable person, the words he uses refer to

adjectives

personalities

traits

factors

. Though traits are used to categorized people in terms of the behaviors they are likely to present, they can be problematic because

there are not enough traits to label every human behavior

people should not be put into categories in an individualist society

psychologists are interested in behaviors that are predictable

people may behave differently from one situation to the next

. A persons belief about his or her ability to accomplish a task, especially at work, is called

perceived self-monitoring

perceived self-efficacy

perceived competence

perceived performance

. Some psychologists are interested in experiences of timeless, effortless focus on an activity, which are called

peak experiences

flow experiences

attentive cognition

apex attention

. The homeostatic drive to satisfy needs for immediate energy and nutrition is called

appetite

hunger

bingeing

thirst

. The desire to eat that is highly influenced and sometimes entirely controlled by psychological, social-environmental, or cultural factors is called

appetite

hunger

bingeing

gorging

. Humans have a tendency to maintain an energy balance, meaning that calorie intake is

in proportion to energy expended during activity and metabolism

out of proportion to the size of the food units eaten

less than what is necessary to maintain activity levels and metabolism

greater than what is necessary to maintain 75 percent activity levels during the day

. As humans age, this physiological process often slows down.

intake

cellulosis

digestion rate

metabolic rate

. This sensation is associated with the loss of appetite for one food, while other foods on your plate are still motivating you to eat.

satiety

maximum satiation

sensory-specific satiety

total energy intake

. The percentage of women afflicted with bulimia nervosa is about

10%

1.50%

15%

1%

. Slimness may be seen as a badge of immunity against unhealthful overconsumption in a culture where

food is scarce

overconsumption of food is common

overconsumption of food is rare

high-calorie foods are scarce

. High-fructose corn syrup contributes to the disregulation of the hormones that

govern hunger and satiety

regulate metabolism

promote healthy intake of fat

increase feelings of starvation

. All of the following statements are consistent with Baumeisters and Learys characterization of the need to belong, EXCEPT:

Relationships with frequently shifting partners are unsatisfying.

Human thought is characterized by concern for, and interest in, social status.

People will continue to maintain strong bonds even when contact is rare.

Those who experience belonging have higher levels of self-esteem.

. Intimate relationships are distinguished by the sharing of personal thoughts, feelings, and information with another person, but also experiences of

sexual intercourse

partner responsiveness

romantic love

passionate love

. Which of the following examples best describes hostile aggression?

As a part of the bank robbery, Paul had to physically overtake the security guard.

Nicky keeps a baseball bat by his door at night in case of a break-in.

Anne enjoys practicing target shooting with her handgun at the gun range.

Paul was arrested for assault after getting into a fight at a nightclub.

. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the Western view of approach and avoidance strategies to build feelings of competence?

It is best if I avoid embarrassing myself in front of the group.

If I avoid doing things that I think I wont be good at, Ill have better self-esteem.

I should only engage in activities that I am already good at.