Chapter 12 Quiz

. What is empirical evidence?

It is based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity

Deliberate indifference

It is evidence that creates a hostile work environment

It is derived from the systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria

. Testimonial evidence is __________.

based on the opinions of individuals who have strong political beliefs about the importance of diversity or whose experience has led them to believe that a diverse department is either more or less effective

based on the managerial efforts that identify information pertaining to a case

based on data is derived from systematic study of one or more effectiveness criteria

None of the above

. Harassment that requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands is __________.

hostile-work-environment harassment

empirical harassment

quid pro quo harassment

deliberate indifference

. Agencies that reflect the population they serve are more likely to function properly and be responsive to the needs and desires of minority populations, and enhance legitimacy of the public agency. Such an agency is known as a _____.

Police culture

Representative bureaucracy

Merit system

Learning organization

. Legal challenges to discrimination in employment may be brought under which of the following?

Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Any of the above

. Double marginality refers to

black officers being significantly more likely to arrest black citizens than white officers

white officers being significantly more likely to arrest black citizens than black officers

white officers being significantly more likely to arrest white citizens than black officers

black officers being significantly more likely to arrest white citizens than white officers

. Which of the following is a benefit to having racially mixed policing teams?

They can have a moderating effect on officers of each race

It can lead to socializing each officer in ways to interact with citizens of different races

The teams can serve as a symbolic benefit for the police department

All of the above are benefits of having racially mixed teams

. Which of the following is NOT an example of an issue that policewomen often have to deal with?

Police culture

Deciding who gets promoted

Pregnancy and maternity

Sexual harassment

. What was the ruling in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company?

That preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race

That racial quotas as a means of reversing past discrimination were permissible

Leave policies that favor pregnant women may not be discriminatory

That the use of a professionally developed examination could not be used if it had a discriminatory effect

. Which of the following statements is true concerning African American police officers?

Frequently, black officers were allowed to patrol only in black areas and to arrest only other black citizens.

Black officers were frequently restricted in type and location of assignments.

Some evidence indicates that black officers were actually more punitive on black citizens than have white officers.

All of the above statements are true.

. What was the Court's ruling in the case of Detroit Police Officers' Association v. Young?

That preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race

Racial quotas as a means of reversing past discrimination was permissible

Leave policies that favor pregnant women may not be discriminatory

That the use of a professionally developed examination could not be used if it had a discriminatory effect

. What is defeminization?

Neutralizing their threat to male dominance

Female officers who have law enforcement as the primary orientation

Female officers who place a strong emphasis on being a lady

None of the above

. Reverse discrimination occurs when __________.

affirmative action plans for selection and promotion are put into practice and individuals who are not part of that plan feel they have been discriminated against

female officers have gained majority representation on a police force

affirmative action efforts fail and instead target the individuals they were intended to help

none of the above

. Where were the first women assigned to patrol work?

Las Vegas Police Department

Indianapolis Police Department

New York Police Department

Los Angeles Police Department

. Prior to the 1950s, the role of women in policing was restricted primarily to what?

Detecting purse snatchers, pickpockets, and shoplifters

Narcotics investigations

Vice investigations

All of the above

. Police departments may be held liable for sexual harassment even if they did not know of the offending behavior.

True

False

. Minority representation of police grew in many cities only as a result of pressure from the black community.

True

False

. Today, as African American officers become more self-assured and less likely to accept discriminatory practices, double marginality is more of a problem.

True

False

. Early evaluations of female police officers found that they did not perform in a satisfactory manner.

True

False

. Police departments have particularly strong safeguards in place that ensure female police officers are treated exactly the same as male police officers.

True

False

. Attempts to remedy past discriminatory employment and promotional practices are reflected in an affirmative action plan.

True

False

. Once discrimination has been established in court, the burden of proof in establishing the validity of the practice shifts to the defendant.

True

False

. In Detroit Police Officers' Association v. Young, the court ruled that preferential treatment had been granted to blacks solely on the basis of race and that this policy was permissible.

True

False

. Beginning in the 1960s, governmental intervention was required to eliminate discrimination in employment and promotion.

True

False

. In general, the police role is not physically demanding and requires a much stronger mental than physical capacity.

True

False

. Research has revealed that female police officers can perform effectively on patrol.

True

False

. Quid pro quo harassment requires the employee to choose between the job and the sexual demands.

True

False

. If a requirement can be shown to be a valid requirement of the job, even if it may have a discriminatory impact, it may be allowed to remain as a requirement.

True

False

. According to Franklin's research, women are still considered by many within the policing industry to be outsiders and inappropriate for policing.

True

False

. Surprisingly, it appears that departments with the best records of promoting minority officers are those cities that have a smaller minority population.

True

False

Quiz Content