Chapter 6 Multiple Choice Questions

. How does the systemic view think about the relationship between environmental protection and economic development?

Economic development drives improvements in environmental protection.

Economic development can conflict with environmental protection by pushing environmental resource use beyond the planet's capacity to regenerate.

There is no relationship between environmental protection and economic development.

Environmental protection can be enhanced by ameliorating inequality between developed and developing countries.

. Why is the liberal view more optimistic than the systemic view about the relationship between economic development and environmental protection?

Liberals believe that if developed countries provide resources to developing countries, developing countries will be more capable of implementing environmental regulations.

Liberals believe that only countries with a high rate of economic growth are concerned with environmental protection.

Liberals believe that free markets provide incentives and resources to promote the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.

It isn't more optimistic; liberals believe that economic growth must be curtailed to save the planet.

. Why does the structural view argue against sacrificing economic development for environmental protection?

Economic development creates opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly technologies.

Economic development slows the rate of population growth, which is the major cause of environmental degradation.

Restricting economic development would mean fewer consumers would be able to buy green products.

Reducing inequalities between developed and developing countries by allowing developing countries to fully develop can lead to better environmental protection.

. Why was addressing the importance of economic development necessary for the success of international environmental initiatives in the 1970s?

It wasn't; early environmental initiatives did not address economic development.

Developing countries were concerned that environmental initiatives would prevent them from developing. By addressing the importance of economic development, international environmental initiatives aligned international cooperation on environmental problems with the interests of developing countries.

Addressing economic development brought corporations on board with environmental protection.

Addressing economic development was necessary for convincing developed countries that they would not have to restrict their high consumption patterns.

. Which of the three views about the relationship between economic development and environmental protection are clearly reflected in the Stockholm Declaration?

Systemic and structural

Liberal and structural

Liberal and systemic

Systemic, liberal, and structural

. Which of the following goals are central to the concept of sustainable development as defined in the Brundtland Report?

Economic development, social justice, and environmental protection

Economic development, freedom, and conservation

Economic growth, democracy, and environmental protection

A planned economy, human rights, and anti-corruption

. Which of the views on the relationship between environmental protection and economic development is reflected in the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities?

Systematic

Liberal

Structural

None of the above

. What is one reason for the diminishing presence of the systemic view within international environmental summits over time?

The environment was increasingly seen as undeserving of protection.

Scientists discovered that the biosphere could not be considered an integrated system.

It was discovered that the Earth doesn't actually have finite resources.

Some systemic concerns were criticized for placing too much emphasis on the responsibilities of developing countries.

. Why did multilateral environmental diplomacy produce fewer concrete outcomes following the Johannesburg Summit in 2002?

The Johannesburg Summit accomplished so much there was no need for further progress.

The international context in the decade following the Johannesburg Summit was increasingly antagonistic.

The world lost interest in protecting the environment.

The financial costs of organizing multilateral negotiations became too large.

. What is the compromise of liberal environmentalism?

Acceptance of the need to protect the environment but a reliance on using market forces to do so.

Acceptance of the need to protect the environment but a reliance on using central planning to do so.

Acceptance of the need to respect liberal values and reject the need for environmental protection.

Acceptance of the need to allow countries to invest in other countries while respecting regulatory sovereignty.