Chapter 3 Multiple Choice Questions

. According to rational choice theory, how do states define their preferences?

By engaging in social interactions with allied states and other actors.

By polling citizens on their policy preferences and choosing the policies that are most popular.

By considering the moral and ethical issues involved in a specific issue area and choosing the policy option that is the most morally justifiable.

By comparing the costs and benefits of specific policy options, and choosing the one that provides the most benefits at the least cost.

. Which two parameters are especially relevant to the calculation of a country's interest for environmental action?

Environmental vulnerability and morality.

Environmental vulnerability and the costs of abatement.

Morality and the costs of abatement.

The costs of abatement and the salience of an issue.

. Why are autocracies less likely than democratic regimes to take action on environmental issues?

Leaders of autocracies are less likely to believe that nature has rights that should be respected.

Autocratic leaders believe that environmental degradation can be used to maintain political power.

Environmental treaties typically impose less strict requirements on democracies than on autocracies.

Abatement costs are often confined to a minority of politically influential actors who may be unwilling to pay these costs, yet autocratic leaders are often dependent on the support of these actors.

. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for why states created environmental departments/ministries?

Environmental departments were created to clean up urban waste once cities reached a certain population.

Newly democratized states created environmental departments as they learned from other democracies.

The creation of an environmental administrative apparatus allowed for the representation of a state's interests in environmental protection.

Considerable coordination was required to assist states participate in meetings, write reports, and implement new policies as required by their participation in international negotiations.

. Why do states choose to conduct some international negotiations behind closed doors?

Negotiation chairs don't believe the public has any interest in what occurs during the negotiations.

Delegates are able to freely express their position, which may increase the likelihood of adopting an agreement as soon as possible.

An agreement is more likely if only a small number of states are included in negotiations.

There aren't meeting halls big enough to accommodate state delegations and civil society representatives.

. How do smaller/less powerful states attempt to influence international negotiations?

Smaller states often demand to be included in every working group.

Smaller states often attempt to place their own scientists into valuable technical committees.

Smaller states often negotiate in blocks of like-minded countries and also utilize the resources and expertise of non-state actors.

Smaller states often take advantage of technology so that a small number of delegates can witness many meetings at once through video chat.

. Which of the following best explains the potential evolution of state positions during the negotiating process?

State positions are constantly shifting in response to the negotiation's collective dynamic.

State positions may change in rare circumstances.

State preferences never change during negotiations.

States form their positions entirely during the negotiating process.

. A state that is able to craft a compromise between multiple reluctant delegations is exercising which type of leadership?

Structural

Intellectual

Moral

Entrepreneurial

. Which of the following best explains an intergovernmental coalition?

Coalitions must be based on geographical representation.

Coalitions enable states to pool resources, expertise, and skills.

Coalitions are institutionalized, and their members must act in accordance with the coalition.

Coalitions are only formed around a specific issue area such as climate change.

. Which of the following is NOT a demand the G77 has put forward in international climate negotiations?

Climate action must take economic development issues into consideration.

There must be technology transfer from developed to developing countries.

The entire world must end its fossil fuel use by 2030.

There must be additional financial resources made available for climate change programmes in developing countries.

Quiz Content