Chapter 2 Quiz

. The fact that many crimes go unreported leads to:

Corruption in the criminal justice system.

Tighter requirements for victims to report crimes or be arrested themselves.

A dark figure of crime where the full measure of crime is unknown.

Exaggerations in the news media.

. The Uniform Crime Reports is:

Data compiled by the FBI that only reports violent crimes but not property crimes.

A central crime reporting system that individuals from any U.S. jurisdiction can use to report crimes that they have not reported to police.

The most commonly cited data source on U.S. crime, compiled by the FBI, consisting of all crimes known to the police across the country in a given year.

An academic database maintained by sociologists combining police records from across the country with survey and archival data on crimes.

. U.S. violent crime and homicide rates increased by 5 and 14.5% respectively from 2014-2018; in the two decades before this:

These rates had decreased steadily.

These rates had slightly decreased.

These rates were slowly increasing.

These rates were sharply increasing.

. From 2013-2017, what percentage of Americans responding to the Gallup Poll stated that they were either fairly or a great deal worried about crime and violence?

About 30%

Nearly 50%

Nearly 70%

About 90%

. What proportion of respondents to the Gallup Poll in 2013-2018 reported having little to no confidence in the criminal justice system's ability to address crime?

About 1/5

About 1/3

About 1/2

More than 2/3

. Which of the following is NOT a typical cost associated with crime in the U.S.?

Media outreach

Insurance coverage

Property loss or damage

Medical care

. What most makes crime bad for society is not necessarily the harm or the cost, but the:

The psychological impact it has on people.

Future ramifications of continued disorder.

Damage crime does to the nation's reputation on a global scale.

Pressure on the criminal justice system to manage all the cases.

. As an example of the public role in crime, research points out that a significant proportion of burglaries occur through the front door with no signs of forced entry, most likely indicating:

Burglars have devised new ways to enter places unlawfully without being detected.

That the door was left unlocked, leaving the premises vulnerable for unlawful entry.

That someone wanted to stage a burglary in order to collect insurance money.

The owners must have opened their space to someone they trusted.

. What is the difference between murder and manslaughter?

Manslaughter is provoked, suggesting some culpability of the victim.

Manslaughter is always accidental.

Manslaughter is unlawful killing without advance planning or intention.

Manslaughter is the result of long-term neglect and abuse.

. When it comes to rape, in most cases the victim:

Is eager to report the crime and confident in the justice system.

Knows their assailant.

Is overage 25.

Is attacked at random by a stranger.

. In the official U.N. definition of gender-based violence, each of the following is a crime included except:

Rape

Intimate partner violence

Forced prostitution

Stalking

. Although the rate of juvenile arrests has dropped significantly in recent years:

The rate for female offenders has increased.

There are still substantial race gaps.

Many youth offenders are processed as adults.

All of the above

. Why is corporate crime difficult to prosecute?

These cases are extremely rare.

Blatant corruption in the criminal justice system.

Punished individuals are often a low-level employee scapegoats as opposed to the more culpable actors higher up.

The crimes are more sophisticated and complex than investigators can typically uncover.

. One of the fastest growing crimes is _____, a criminal e-behavior that includes deceit, theft, computer hacking, bullying, terrorism, and other activities.

Insurance fraud

Cybercrime

Hactivism

Property crime

. Who are cybercriminals committing crimes for pure entertainment?

Individuals working on their own or as contracted by others to steal confidential information.

People motivated by political, religious, and social objectives.

Corporate criminals stealing from their own financial systems.

People testing their hacking abilities while seeking status among their criminal peers, especially for acts that other cybercriminals have failed to accomplish.

. The CIA triad is:

The 3 agencies within the CIA responsible for detecting, disarming, and prosecuting cyberattacks

The 3 agencies within the CIA responsible for preventing and blocking cybercrime

The CIA's fundamental principles of cybersecurity: confidentiality, integrity, and availability

All of the above

. Which category of Merton's strain theory involves those respond to strain/anomie by focusing on the means of achieving the goal rather than the goal itself; they continue following society's rules, but have lost the goal to succeed.

Ritualism

Innovation

Retreatism

Rebellionism

. Which category of Merton's strain theory is the most likely to involve criminal behavior?

Ritualism

Innovation

Retreatism

Rebellionism

. Important to the differential association theory is the nature of relationships with those who support criminal behavior over conformity: the more time a person spends with someone who supports crime, and the greater the intensity and importance of that relationship:

The more anomie this causes in society as the person would become confused about what is right and what is wrong.

The less likely that person will be to engage in criminal behavior.

The more likely that person is to learn and engage in criminal behavior.

The more likely that person will turn over the person who supports crime to the authorities.

. Each of the following are stages in labeling theory of crime except:

Label rejection

Internalization of the label

Label as master status

Deviant subculture/career

. Despite its popularity with policymakers, police officials, and even the general public, the research on the effectiveness of the broken windows theory shows:

The practices actually promote more criminal activity.

Mixed results, depending on the types of strategies used by police.

The efforts tend to encourage people to move out of the neighborhoods.

Police officers are not in support of the strategies.

. Which of the 4 philosophies of punishment for judges in sentencing offenders is oriented towards past and NOT the future?

Rehabilitation

Deterrence

Incapacitation

Just desserts

. As of 2016, how many of the 2.2 million adults in America's prisons and jails are being held in local jails intended for people who have committed minor crimes, have short sentences, or are awaiting trial and cannot afford bail?

300,000

600,000

1,000,000

1,400,000

. This is the tendency for the public, policymakers, politicians, and others to seek a single cure-all solution to a problem like crime which leads to inevitable disappointment.

Fake news

Panacea problem

Election cycle false hope

Public order optimism

. What explains the lack of effectiveness of Weed and Seed in reducing crime?

Crime violence was not reduced relative to other areas and the efforts to restore and revitalize neighborhoods did not yield the desired levels of economic development and resident cohesion.

Generally law-abiding people were ultimately motivated to leave the area to avid the aggressive law enforcement tactics and tough prosecution.

The programs were not given considerable funding.

The programs were not very popular an only a few places tried it.

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