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Return to Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life 7e Student Resources
Chapter 4 Review Quiz
Energy
Quiz Content
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The body performs many processes which depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of ATP. How does the energy from ATP power the cellular reactions?
The cellular processes are coupled to hydrolysis of ATP, an exergonic process
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Cellular processes are coupled to hydrolysis of ATP, an endergonic process
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Energy from ATP hydrolysis is stored in cellular chambers
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ATP hydrolysis absorbs the remaining energy from formation of glucose-6-phosphate
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All of the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is released as heat
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Suppose that you determined ΔG for a reaction at room temperature, and then carried out the same reaction at a higher temperature. At higher temperatures, ΔG for a the reaction will be:
A larger negative number than at room temperature
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The same as at room temperature
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A lower negative number than at room temperature
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Impossible to determine, because ΔG is independent of temperature
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Zero
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If someone not familiar with scientific language asked you to explain entropy in one word, the best word would be:
Tiredness
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Excitement
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Hunger
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Stress
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Disorder
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The first law of thermodynamics can be stated as the common saying:
You can't win
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You can't even break even
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You can't even get out of the game
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Some like it hot
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Some like it cold
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The second law of thermodynamics states that:
You need to spend money to make money
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Reactions happen in such a way that the products are a little less likely to be able to react
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Reactions always go to completion
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Reactions never happen unless energy is provided
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Some reactions never happen at all unless accompanied by magic incantations
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Which of the following would you expect to have a high phosphate group transfer potential?
ATP
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GMP
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ADP
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UMP
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Phosphoric acid
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Which of the following is
not
a form of energy:
Heat
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Light
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Kinetic
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Electrical
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Paper
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Using the following table of free energies:
ATP C> ADP + Pi ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol
Glucose-1-phosphate C> Glucose + Pi ΔG = - 5.0 kcal/mol
Find the free energy change for the reaction: Glucose + ATP B B ? Glucose-1-phosphate + ADP
ΔG = -23.0 kcal/mol
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ΔG = +23.0 kcal/mol
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ΔG= -2.3 kcal/mol
correct
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ΔG = +2.3 kcal/mol
correct
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ΔG = 0
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Convert 652 calories to kJ:
2.728 kJ
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27.28 kJ
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1.484 kJ
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272.8 kJ
correct
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0.2728 kJ
correct
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ΔG for an exothermic reaction is:
>0
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<0
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=0
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Never a value which can be numerically determined
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A value which varies with the temperature of the reaction
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Throughout the centuries, charlatans have claimed to have invented a perpetual-motion machine, one which runs continually with no input of energy. Which law shows that such a machine is impossible?
The first law of thermodynamics
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The second law of thermodynamics
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The law against self-incrimination
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The third law of thermodynamics
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The law of constant proportions
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When we digest food and use it to produce energy, we convert a few large, complex molecules into many small, simple molecules. Under these circumstances,
Entropy increases
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Entropy decreases
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Entropy does not change
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Entropy rises, then, falls
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Entropy decreases, then increases
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Respiration may be represented by the reaction: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 □ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
ΔH for the overall reaction is 2802.1 kJ/mol. Photosynthesis is the reverse: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O □ C6H12O6 + 6 O2
ΔH for the overall reaction of photosynthesis is:
2802.1 kJ/mol
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-2802.1 kJ/mol
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Isothermic
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-304.7 kcal/mol
correct
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304.7 kcal/mol
correct
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You can freeze milk to make ice cream by mixing ice and salt. The resulting mixture of ice and salt has a very low temperature because:
The salt forces the ice to melt and dissolve, and the energy input required to melt the ice results in a very cold solution
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A small amount of ice forms a salty solution, and the decreased entropy of the water molecules lowers the freezing point
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In fact, adding salt to ice raises the temperature, melting the ice
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The ice would melt whether salt were added or not
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Salt is spread on icy sidewalks during winter in order to melt the ice
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As living things consume nutrients and digest them, the entropy of the living thing itself:
Increases
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Decreases
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Remains the same
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Is in equilibrium with its surroundings
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Is stored until needed
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If ΔH for a certain reaction is negative:
The reaction is exothermic
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The reaction is endothermic
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The reaction consumes energy
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The products are all solids and precipitate from the solution
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The reaction is an equilibrium reaction and neither produces nor consumes energy
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Suppose that you wound a spring tightly, clamped it so that it could not unwind, and then placed the spring in acid, dissolving it without unwinding. The energy stored in the spring:
Disappears into the universe
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Causes the solution to change color
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Causes a flash of light
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Goes back into your muscles
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Warms the solution
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The caloric content of food is usually given in large calories, or Calories. One Calorie is equal to 1000 calories, or 1 kilocalorie. The basal metabolic rate for men is 24 Calories/kg. What is the BMR for a 70 kg man?
1680 kJ
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7029 kJ
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292.9 kJ
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4.184 kJ
correct
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4184 kJ
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A human being needs a mass of ATP nearly equivalent to his or her own body mass daily. What process allows a ready supply of ATP for cellular reactions?
The body stores large amounts of ATP in mitochondria
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The body stores large amounts of ATP in adipocytes
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Cellular nuclei can make ATP rapidly from air
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Cellular processes make new ATP as fast as it is used
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ATP is never actually used, but must only be present for reactions to occur
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Which of the following is an endergonic process?
Production of carbon dioxide during respiration
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Frying an egg
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Burning a candle
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Exploding a balloon
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A campfire burning
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Physiological reactions take place under extreme conditions and are carefully controlled. Researchers are interested in biochemical reactions which take place at very high temperatures, as they may be especially useful in:
Cleaning chalkboards in classrooms
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Developing film for the motion picture industry
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Improving the odors of new car interiors
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Preparing home videos of leisure time activities such as camping
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Industrial or commercial applications such as preparation of enzyme cleaning products which could function at high temperatures and in very alkaline conditions
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