Chapter 2 Review Quiz

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. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes usually are made up of cells which:

Are more complex and often contain numerous organelles correct incorrect

Never contain nuclear envelopes correct incorrect

Are never multicellular correct incorrect

Often are equipped with flagella which rotate in a counterclockwise direction correct incorrect

Are small and often equipped with pili correct incorrect

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. To say that macromolecules within cells are crowded but seldom concentrated means that:

There are few macromolecules within cells correct incorrect

There are only a few macromolecules of any one kind within cells, but many different molecules are present within a small area correct incorrect

There are few different macromolecules, and the total concentration of all macromolecules is low correct incorrect

Many different macromolecules are present, but each type is restricted to a different part of the cell correct incorrect

All macromolecules are present within the mitochondria correct incorrect

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. Nuclear membranes contain pores that:

Allow only water to pass into the nucleus correct incorrect

Allow only nonpolar molecules to pass through the membrane correct incorrect

Connect the inner and outer nuclear membranes, allowing mRNA and some ions to pass correct incorrect

Are among the smallest structures in the cell, allowing no ions to pass through correct incorrect

Are always open so that materials can enter or exit the nucleus correct incorrect

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. The SER is involved in synthesis of:

Protein correct incorrect

Carbohydrate correct incorrect

Lipid correct incorrect

RNA correct incorrect

DNA correct incorrect

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. For cellular components to be separated by differential centrifugation:

The components must be completely insoluble correct incorrect

The components must have relatively different densities or sizes correct incorrect

The components must all be made of the same materials correct incorrect

Components must be subcellular organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria, or chloroplasts correct incorrect

Special reagents must be used to separate nucleic acids from proteins correct incorrect

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. The amino acids composing integral membrane proteins have side chains which are:

Polar correct incorrect

Hydrophilic correct incorrect

Hydrophobic correct incorrect

Highly charged correct incorrect

Water soluble correct incorrect

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. Ribosomes are complexes of protein and RNA which function to:

Conserve water and nutrients correct incorrect

Synthesize proteins from carbohydrate and lipid building blocks correct incorrect

Synthesize proteins from amino acids correct incorrect

Destroy unwanted toxic materials correct incorrect

Rid the cell of excess energy correct incorrect

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. An infection by Gram-negative bacteria often causes fever and shock due release by disintegrating cells of harmful substances called:

Exotoxins correct incorrect

Endotoxins correct incorrect

Complex lipids correct incorrect

Cytokines correct incorrect

Mitochondrial DNA correct incorrect

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. The glycocalyx of eukaryotic cells consists of membrane proteins and lipids with attached:

Protein correct incorrect

Lipid correct incorrect

DNA correct incorrect

Carbohydrate correct incorrect

RNA correct incorrect

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. Prokaryotic cells differ from animal cells primarily in this way:

Prokaryotic cells have cell walls capable of withstanding high osmotic pressure correct incorrect

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is single stranded correct incorrect

Nuclear material of prokaryotic cells is not enclosed within a nuclear envelope correct incorrect

All prokaryotic cells contain chloroplasts correct incorrect

Prokaryotic cells contain no plastids correct incorrect

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. An endoplasmic reticulum:

Is never found in eukaryotic cells correct incorrect

Is seldom found in prokaryotic cells, but if present, is always connected to the Golgi apparatus correct incorrect

Is seldom found in prokaryotic cells, but if present, is always connected to the inner nuclear membrane correct incorrect

May have ribosomes attached, forming the rough endoplasmic reticulum or RER correct incorrect

Accounts for only a small amount of the cellular membrane correct incorrect

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. The nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells separates:

Synthesis of protein from synthesis of lipid correct incorrect

Synthesis of DNA & RNA from synthesis of protein and lipid correct incorrect

Synthesis of DNA from synthesis of RNA correct incorrect

Synthesis of RNA from synthesis of carbohydrate correct incorrect

Synthesis of lipid from synthesis of protein correct incorrect

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. Lysozomes contain powerful enzymes which may be harmful to the cell if leaked, but serve useful functions such as:

Digestion of some food substances, damaged cells, and extracellular materials correct incorrect

Carrying out receptor-mediated endocytosis correct incorrect

Using bases to hydrolyze fats and oils correct incorrect

Pumping protons out of the cell correct incorrect

Working with osteoblasts to form new bone structure correct incorrect

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. The function of eukaryotic plasma membranes is:

To separate transcription from translation correct incorrect

To separate polar substances from nonpolar materials within the cell correct incorrect

To separate the interior of the cell from the outside environment correct incorrect

To protect the cell from osmotic shock correct incorrect

To provide a rigid framework for cellular enzymes and processes correct incorrect

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. Chloroplasts:

Are mitochondria which contain chlorophyll correct incorrect

Are mitochondria which contain thylakoid disks which contain chlorophyll correct incorrect

Are similar to mitochondria in that they have a double membrane, with the outer membrane being highly permeable and the inner membrane relatively restrictive to passage of materials correct incorrect

Are found in prokaryotic cells and allow them to produce glucose in the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water correct incorrect

Convert glucose to carbon dioxide, water, and energy correct incorrect

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. Eukaryotic cells receive and interpret information from the outside environment by:

Gene amplification correct incorrect

Vesicular swelling correct incorrect

Protein synthesis correct incorrect

Signal transduction correct incorrect

Apoptosis correct incorrect

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. Cells exposed to a solution containing a highly concentrated salt solution will:

Swell up and burst correct incorrect

Swell up and become megacells correct incorrect

Take in fluid, swelling up until they can attach themselves to larger cells correct incorrect

Shrink and become folded up like tiny raisins correct incorrect

First shrink, then absorb solute from the solution so that they regain normal size correct incorrect

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. To say that white blood cells are phagocytic implies that they:

Can eat other cells correct incorrect

Can excrete other cells correct incorrect

Can mate with other cells correct incorrect

Are involved in extracellular affairs correct incorrect

Are chemically inert correct incorrect

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. membranes is to block the passage of water-soluble ions and polar molecules. In order to do this, the membrane should:

Contain many protein pores correct incorrect

Contain a nonpolar barrier made up of hydrocarbon tails of phospholipid molecules correct incorrect

have a polar barrier in the interior of the membrane correct incorrect

Be made up primarily of water-soluble molecules correct incorrect

Be made up of ionic particles in even balance correct incorrect

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. Mitochondria are unique cellular organelles whose function is primarily to:

Pump protons out of the matrix correct incorrect

Provide a shelter for remnants of bacterial DNA correct incorrect

Provide a way in which geneticists can trace familial ties back through generations correct incorrect

Form an example of symbiotic relationships between higher and lower forms of life correct incorrect

Produce energy through oxidative reactions correct incorrect

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. The Golgi apparatus:

Functions in eukaryotic cells to package materials for exocytosis or for distribution to a compartment within the cell correct incorrect

Functions in prokaryotic cells to package lipids to include in vesicles which can take part in exocytosis correct incorrect

Is only present in plant cells to package seeds correct incorrect

Is present only in prokaryotic cells as a stack of flattened, saclike vesicles correct incorrect

Is found within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells correct incorrect