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Return to Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life 7e Student Resources
Chapter 16 Review Quiz
Integration of Metabolism
Quiz Content
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Growth factors differ from hormones in that:
They grow larger with each generation
correct
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Hormones are produced by specialized glands, but growth factors may be produced by a variety of cells
correct
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Hormones are more readily modulated and depend upon cAMP
correct
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Growth factors can be taken orally
correct
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Growth factors grow smaller with each generation
correct
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In steady-state metabolism:
The rates of catabolism far exceed the rates of anabolism
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The rate of anabolism exceeds the rate of catabolism
correct
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A balance exists between rates of anabolism and catabolism
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It is impossible to compare the rates of catabolism and anabolism
correct
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Plants are unable to excrete nitrogen products until death
correct
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Among metabolic effects one might expect to observe if glucagon production were stopped would be:
Increased production of insulin
correct
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Enhanced production of bile
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Increased lipogenesis
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Increased glycogenesis
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Decreased glycogenolysis and lipolysis
correct
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Which of the following has the opposite effect of insulin?
Somatotropin
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Glucagon
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Oxytocin
correct
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Vasopressin
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Testosterone
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Kwashiorkor, a disease of protein starvation, often causes its victims to appear bloated due to decreased osmotic pressure of blood plasma, allowing an edema or swelling to form as fluid moves out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. The osmotic pressure of plasma decreases due to:
Loss of glucose and subsequent decrease in osmotic balance
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Increased concentrations of amino acids due to breakdown of protein
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Increased levels of albumin in the interstitial spaces
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Use of albumins and globulins from blood plasma as raw materials for gluconeogenesis
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Decreased levels of thyroid hormones
correct
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Metabolic syndrome, with its associated obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia, results from insulin resistance. The insulin resistance, in turn, is related to:
High blood levels of glucose
correct
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Increased urinary output of glucagon, with associate dysuria
correct
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C. High blood levels of urea
correct
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High levels of urea in urine associated with increased blood glucose levels
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High blood levels of free fatty acids
correct
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Patients suffering insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are treated with injections of insulin rather than with oral insulin because:
Artificial insulin doesn't work
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The oral insulin would overwhelm the immune system
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Insulin is a protein and would probably be digested
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Insulin must be conjugated before absorption
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Insulin is too expensive to administer in this way
correct
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Both diabetes and starvation often result in symptoms of acidosis. This is due to:
Rapid metabolism of carbonic acid
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Excess production of pyruvate
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Degradation of long-chain fatty acids to form acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetate
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Excess consumption of ketone bodies to prevent hyperosmolality and alkalosis
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Degradation of acetone
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Unlike paracrine hormones, endocrine hormones:
Influence distant targets
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Act on both mature and immature cells
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Cause production of dangerous waste products
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Do not cause production of dangerous waste products
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Affect only the cells which are in the vicinity
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Brain tissue normally consumes glucose, but when glucose levels are low, nervous tissue can also consume:
â-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetic acid
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Glycine and phenylalanine
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Bicarbonate and acetate
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Polyester and cotton
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Acetone and alanine
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The hormone you'd expect to be most like an illegal drug in action is:
Somatotropin
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Adiponectin
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An endocannabinoid
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A heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein
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The active principle in fugu
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Unlike water-soluble hormones, steroid hormones act by:
Moving to the target organ and binding to a membrane
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Moving through the plasma to a target organ, binding to a target site, and activating an enzyme
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Passing from one part of an organ to another
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Transport to a target cell, diffusion through the membrane, and controlling genes
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Modifying the activity of tRNA
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Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include:
Increased hunger
correct
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Diminished libido
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Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, thirst and increased output of urine
correct
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Heightened output of urine, saliva and feces
correct
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Sweetened saliva and acidic urinary discharges, resulting in fever and stroke
correct
incorrect
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What organ carries out the following functions: filtration of blood to remove wastes and toxic substances, and regulation of body water content and pH?
Lung
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Kidney
correct
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Brain
correct
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Intestine
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Heart
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Refer to Figure 16.1 and select one molecule which appears to be at the center of metabolic activity.
Glucose
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Stearic acid
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Insulin
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Starch
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Acetyl-CoA
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The central neural circuits controlling appetite are found in the:
Enterocytes
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Hypothalamus
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Frontal lobe
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Caudate nucleus
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Cerebellum
correct
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Peptide hormones which bind to G-protein-coupled receptors stimulate the activity of adenyl cyclase, producing a second messenger called:
Cyclic-3'5'-adenosine monophosphate
correct
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Guanosine triphosphate
correct
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ADP
correct
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Phosphoric acid
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FTD
correct
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Old-time biochemists are fond of saying, "Fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate." By this, they meant:
You can't oxidize carbohydrate without fat
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Without some carbohydrate to replenish the intermediates of the TCA cycle, acetyl CoA can't enter the cycle
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In the absence of protein, carbohydrate can't be oxidized without fat
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In the absence of fat, protein can't be oxidized without carbohydrate
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Fat is catabolized faster in the absence of carbohydrate
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The major effect of adiponectin is to:
Enhance secretion of leptin
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Suppress appetite
correct
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Increase both secretion of and cellular response to insulin
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Increase sexual activity
correct
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Suppress protein synthesis
correct
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The hormone secreted in response to suckling during breast feeding is called:
Vasopressin
correct
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Epinephrine
correct
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Norepinephrine
correct
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Adrenalin
correct
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Oxytocin
correct
incorrect
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The type of hormones secreted by macrophages within adipose tissue and by adipocytes themselves are called:
Cytokines
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Mesomokines
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Astrokynes
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Adipokines
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Allkines
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Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is treated with oral hypoglycemic agents in order to:
Reduce gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
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Enhance lipolysis
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Increase activity of epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Enhance production of glucagon and other hypoglycemic agents
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Increase the basal metabolic rate
correct
incorrect
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