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Return to Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life 7e Student Resources
Chapter 12 Review Quiz
Lipid Metabolism
Quiz Content
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The chylomicron structure is formed by a type of cell known as:
Erythrocytes
correct
incorrect
Leukocytes
correct
incorrect
Enterocytes
correct
incorrect
Hepatocytes
correct
incorrect
Lymphocytes
correct
incorrect
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Fatty acid synthesis is dependent upon aggregation of dimers of acetyl-Co carboxylase to form polymers. This aggregation is slowed or prevented by:
Insulin
correct
incorrect
Glucagon
correct
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Water
correct
incorrect
Testosterone
correct
incorrect
Sucrose
correct
incorrect
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The structures which are known as "foam" cells are actually:
Soapy formations due to the reactions of fatty acids with alkali
correct
incorrect
Macrophages which become filled with lipoprotein while attempting to clear injured endothelial cells of oxidized LDLs
correct
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Microphages which become filled with lipoprotein while attempting to clear injured endothelial cells of oxidized cholesterol an cholesteryl esters
correct
incorrect
Adipocytes
correct
incorrect
Fatty hepatocytes
correct
incorrect
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A constant supply of glucose is needed for a number of tissues including brain, erythrocytes, and anaerobic muscle. During starvation, brain which lacks a ready supply of glucose may oxidize:
Fructose
correct
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Some ketone bodies
correct
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Lactic acid
correct
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Muscle
correct
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Hydrogen
correct
incorrect
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Early in your chemistry career, you probably spilled some sodium hydroxide on your hands and noticed that bases feel soapy. The soapy feeling is caused by:
Release of hydrogen from triacylglycerols
correct
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Release of calcium from triacylglycerols
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Production of graphite as a result of neutralization
correct
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Production of soap as a result of the reaction between base and the triacylglycerols in your skin
correct
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Neutralization of the base by acids in your skin
correct
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The angina or pain associated with a mild heart attack may be partially relieved by administration of nitroglycerine, which degrades to release nitric oxide. The nitric oxide relieves angina by:
Preventing damage to endothelial cells
correct
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Relaxing smooth muscle of arteries
correct
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Keeping the interior of arteries smooth and passive
correct
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Lowering levels of LDL
correct
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Lowering cholesterol concentration and decreasing concentration of cholesteryl esters
correct
incorrect
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Fatty acid oxidation occurs mostly within mitochondria, but fatty acids themselves can't easily cross the mitochondrial membrane. How
do
they pass?
Attached to alcohols
correct
incorrect
As esters of carnitine
correct
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As amides of glycine
correct
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Attached to esters of alcohols
correct
incorrect
As bile acids or salts
correct
incorrect
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Bile acids are excreted into the intestine where they become bile salts due to:
The alkaline environment within the intestine
correct
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The acidic environment of the stomach
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Alkaline hydrolysis
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Formation of esters
correct
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Formation of amides due to the relatively high temperature and low rate of flow
correct
incorrect
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As a source of energy, fat produces more than twice as many calories per gram as either protein or carbohydrate. What percentage of the energy in the diet of an average American is produced from fat?
10-20%
correct
incorrect
20-30%
correct
incorrect
30-40%
correct
incorrect
40-50%
correct
incorrect
50-60%
correct
incorrect
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The process of β-Oxidation was discovered by Franz Knoop when he fed dogs fatty acids labeled with a benzene ring at the ω- end of the molecule opposite the -COOH group. Metabolism could not proceed beyond the phenyl group. Dogs fed phenylcaproic acid would produce urine containing:
Phenylacetic acid
correct
incorrect
Benzoic acid
correct
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Phenylpyruvic acid
correct
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Phenyllactic acid
correct
incorrect
Benzene
correct
incorrect
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Detoxication processes render many dangerous metabolites less hazardous. An enzyme involved in the ETC is particularly useful in destruction of drugs and other substances which come from outside the body. Which one"
Phosphofructokinase
correct
incorrect
Cytochrome P
450
correct
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CoA reductase
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HMGCoA reductase
correct
incorrect
Cyclooxygenase
correct
incorrect
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Cholesterol is not oxidized for energy within the body, but you might help eliminate it from your body if you could increase the formation of:
Triacylglycerols
correct
incorrect
Protein hormones
correct
incorrect
Steroid hormones
correct
incorrect
Mineralocorticoids
correct
incorrect
Bile salts or acids
correct
incorrect
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The average female human body contains about 25% fat. For purposes of discussion, physicians often refer to the average man as a "70 Kg man," (actually a little low by modern standards of obesity). How many pounds of fat would be present in the body of a 70 Kg
woman
?
13
correct
incorrect
17.5
correct
incorrect
154
correct
incorrect
30
correct
incorrect
38.5
correct
incorrect
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In the initial stages, fatty acid synthesis occurs:
Only in association with the endoplasmic reticulum
correct
incorrect
Within liver parenchyma
correct
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Within the cytoplasm
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Only within arterial epithelium
correct
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Only within venous epithelium
correct
incorrect
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Recall (see Chapter 10) that complete oxidation of 6 carbons as glucose to carbon dioxide and water yields 31 ATP. How many more ATP molecules could you expect to produce by oxidation of 18 carbons as stearic acid to carbon dioxide and water than by oxidation of three glucose molecules? (Remember that formation of hexanoyl CoA requires the equivalent of 2 ATP.)
5
correct
incorrect
6
correct
incorrect
7
correct
incorrect
93
correct
incorrect
122
correct
incorrect
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The cells which store lipids in the body are sometimes referred to as signet ring cells, as seen from the side, the nucleus of the cell appears similar to the set of a ring and the inner portion of the cell is filled with lipid, resembling the ring itself. These fat cells are properly called:
Erythrocytes
correct
incorrect
Hepatocytes
correct
incorrect
Astrocytes
correct
incorrect
Adipocytes
correct
incorrect
Lymphocytes
correct
incorrect
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Drugs called statins are now used to decrease plasma cholesterol levels by inhibiting the rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis. This step is catalyzed by:
Lipoprotein lipase
correct
incorrect
β-ketothiolase
correct
incorrect
Acyl carrier protein
correct
incorrect
HMG-CoA reductase
correct
incorrect
Transacylase
correct
incorrect
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Some triacylglycerols are exogenous, and others are endogenous (synthesized within the body). Endogenous triacylglycerols are typically synthesized in:
Erythrocytes
correct
incorrect
Liver
correct
incorrect
Heart tissue
correct
incorrect
Muscle tissue
correct
incorrect
Adipose tissue
correct
incorrect
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The principal site of cholesterol synthesis is:
The liver
correct
incorrect
The ovaries
correct
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The intestines
correct
incorrect
The testes
correct
incorrect
The skin
correct
incorrect
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Old-time physicians sometimes diagnosed illness on the basis of the odor of patients. Untreated diabetics sometimes have breath with a "fruity" odor due to the presence of a volatile ketone body. Which of the following might be the cause?
β-Hydroxybutyric acid
correct
incorrect
Pyruvic acid
correct
incorrect
Stearic acid
correct
incorrect
Acetoacetic acid
correct
incorrect
Acetone
correct
incorrect
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The location of fatty acid oxidation is:
Adipocyl membranes
correct
incorrect
Peroxisomes
correct
incorrect
The Golgi apparatus
correct
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The mitochondrial matrix
correct
incorrect
The cytoplasm of liver cells
correct
incorrect
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Arachidonic acid and EPA are classified as essential because they:
They are needed as a source of energy
correct
incorrect
They are needed as a source of ω-3 acids
correct
incorrect
They are needed for synthesis of eicosanoids
correct
incorrect
They can be converted to all of the other fatty acids
correct
incorrect
They readily act as antioxidants
correct
incorrect
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Branched-chain fatty acids, such as phytanic acid, are not a lost cause as sources of energy. They may be broken down by a process with begins with:
β-oxidation
correct
incorrect
γ-oxidation
correct
incorrect
Transesterification
correct
incorrect
Transmogrification
correct
incorrect
α-oxidation
correct
incorrect
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Fatty acids are not very soluble in blood plasma. Left to themselves, they tend to form micelles and at high concentrations, may cause blood plasma to appear milky, or lipemic. Free fatty acids are transported in the blood by:
Aluminum
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incorrect
Glycogen
correct
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Cholesterol
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Albumin
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incorrect
Luminol
correct
incorrect
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