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Return to Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life 7e Student Resources
Chapter 1 Review Quiz
Biochemistry: An Introduction
Quiz Content
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Unlike eukaryotic life forms, eukaryotes:
Are relatively few in number and contain no organelles
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Contain nuclear material bound by a membrane
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Are relatively large and contain organelles
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Are made up of bare nuclear material
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Lack nuclei and cellular organelles
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Examples of macromolecules include:
sugars
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proteins
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amino acids
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hydrochloric acid
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Viruses differ from prokaryotes and eukaryotes in this respect:
Viruses have no cells
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Viruses can not reproduce
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Viruses do not employ nucleic acids to reproduce
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Prokaryotes and eukaryotes need host cells to reproduce
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Virus particles require more energy than prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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When compared to fatty acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, proteins are found to contain more:
Carbon
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Hydrogen
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Oxygen
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Phosphorus
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Nitrogen
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The most important function of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is:
To serve as a repository for genetic information
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To provide the directions for protein synthesis
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To act as a factory for protein synthesis
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To maintain osmotic pressure
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To function as the main mechanism for energy transformation within cells
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Passage of information from DNA to RNA is known as:
Transcription
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Translation
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Replication
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Homeostasis
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The central dogma
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The B central dogmaB states that information always passes from DNA to RNA except:
In most eukaryotic cells
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In all cells of the archae
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In all prokaryotic cells
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In all viruses
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In retroviruses such as HIV
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Biochemical catalysts are called:
deoxyribonucleic acid
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manganese dioxide
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hydrogen peroxide
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polysaccharides
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enzymes
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During catabolism:
Large, complex molecules are converted into many smaller, simple molecules
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Many large, complex molecules are converted into larger, simple molecules
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Many small, simple molecules are converted into a few large, complex molecules
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A few small, simple molecules are converted into many large, complex molecules
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The size and complexity of molecules involved remains about the same
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Cell division and the movement of organelles within cells depend on a framework of protein filaments called:
Lipid bilayers
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Starch granules
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Molecular chaperones
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Amino acids
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Cytoskeletons
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Although most mutations are silent, some may actually help the organisms by:
Ridding the cell of excess RNA
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Helping the organism adapt to new circumstances
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Limiting the reproductive success of the offspring
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Causing errors in copying DNA
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Limiting overpopulation
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Energy can best be defined as:
The rate of doing work
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Hotness or coldness
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The ability to do work
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A way of storing work
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Kilojoules/kilogram
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Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in one major respect:
Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells are more colorful than prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells are faster than prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells are firmer than prokaryotic cells
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The energy required to maintain cellular functions of all life forms ultimately comes from:
The sun
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Carbohydrates which are reduced during metabolic processes
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Lipid molecules undergoing oxidation
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Pockets of energy stored in deoxyribonucleic acid
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Heat rising from the center of the earth
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Proteins are made up of long chains of:
Glucose molecules attached end to end
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Amino acids attached by peptide (amide) bonds
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Complex lipids such as stearic acid or cholesterol
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Deoxyribonucleic acids which store genetic information
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Organic subunits such as ethene or propene
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Genetic information for living things is stored in:
DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid
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Polysaccharides such as glycogen or amylopectin
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Triacylglycerols such as glyceryl tristearate
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Organelles such as lysozomes
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Tiny granules of ribonucleic acid
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The function of transfer RNA is to:
Transfer RNA from one part of the cell to another
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Carry information from the genetic code on DNA to ribosomes to direct protein synthesis
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Carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
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Recognize the anticodon which prevents coding
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Temporarily store the genetic code during transcription
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Human beings are best categorized as:
Autotrophs which transform the energy of the sun
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Chemoheterotrophs which use preformed food molecules as their sole source of energy
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Heterotrophs, which can either produce their own energy or use organic substances obtained from other organisms to obtain energy.
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Extremophiles which exist under extremes of climate, temperature, and light
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Photoheterotrophs which use both light and organic biomolecules as energy sources
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Oxidation reactions in biochemistry can be recognized by:
Loss of oxygen during the reaction
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Transfer of oxygen from one carbon to a new part of the same structure
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An addition of hydrogen to or loss of oxygen from a molecule
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Addition of electrons to a positive ion such as Fe
+3
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Loss of hydrogen from or addition of oxygen to a molecule
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Hydrophilic substances are usually soluble in:
Water or aqueous solutions such as the cell cytoplasm
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Gasoline, ether, or other nonpolar solvents
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Nonpolar solvents such as gasoline and ether
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Any solvents made up of molecules containing hydrogen
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Nonaqueous portions of cell membranes
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In order for cells to remain highly ordered, they need a constant supply of:
Sugar
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Energy
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Water
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Salt
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MTV
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Messenger RNA is a specialized molecule whose most important function is to:
Stabilize ribosomes during translation
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Store genetic information so that our offspring resemble us
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Allow rapid mutations of bacteria under extreme conditions
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Carry information from DNA to ribosomes in order to direct protein synthesis
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Carry amino acids to ribosomes so they may be used to form proteins
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The word B homeostasisB best describes:
Any reaction at equilibrium
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A condition in which a number of members of a group are alike remain homogeneous
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The general condition in which all cellular activity is at a standstill
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The general condition of maintenance of health and cellular activities which continue life
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A philosophy which is dedicated to protection of one's homeland
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Organisms that can live and function at very high temperatures include some archae called:
Escherichia coli
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Hydrophobes
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Prions
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Extremophiles
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Antibiotics
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