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A socially constructed classification of people based on national origin or culture.
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Physical separation of a dominant group from a subordinate group. During the era of Jim Crow segregation and before the Civil Rights Act, Blacks and Whites were forced to use different restrooms and drink from different fountains.
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A socially constructed classification of people based on their physical characteristics, especially skin color.
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A form of inequality in which laws or official actions deny specific groups social, political, or economic benefits that are available to other groups.
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The protections against unequal treatment that the government guarantees to all groups
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Social relations between the sexes and attitudes about how the sexes interact and the roles that society assumes they will play.
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The extent to which one group enjoys more political, social, or economic benefits than another group.
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A form of inequality in which social and demographic forces, not official laws or policies, cause one group to enjoy more political, social, or economic benefits than another group.
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A government policy toward American Indians that allows each tribe to regulate its own people and operate according to its own customs.
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Physical separation of groups that is not legally sanctioned or imposed by the government but instead stems from individual preferences and economic forces.
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Physical separation of groups that results from laws or official government actions.
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