Chapter 12 Chapter Exam

. 1. An event that energizes and coalesces a social movement is known as

. 2. An environment receptive to the ideals and demands of a social movement is known as

. 3. The presence of social activists who create or recognize opportunities to galvanize people to organized action is known as

. 4. Complaints against the political system by a group of people who agree generally on the causes of the complaints are known as

. 5. The presence of Martin Luther King, Jr. in the civil rights movement exemplifies

. 6. A sustained challenge to those in power put forth by individuals, acting in concert with others, who have been excluded from the political process or who consider themselves political outsiders is known as a(n)

. 7. Why have some social movements failed?

. 8. Why do people develop and engage in social movements?

. 9. A principal objective of a social movement is to

. 10. The _____________ has a goal of decreasing, rather than increasing, the general population's access to the political system and social, economic, and political power.

. 11. The intentional or unintentional racial discrimination in the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations and in the targeting of racial minority communities for the siting of pollution-producing industries or hazardous waste sites is referred to as

. 12. Rampant problems with sexual harassment and the inability to progress beyond employment positions at a particular level exemplify

. 13. As public opinion supporting gay marriage has increased, the degree to which ________ exist(s) for the LGBTQ rights movement has also increased.

. 14. Factionalism is

. 15. Which of the following is NOT as direct cause for the decline of social movements?

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