Chapter 2 Practice Quiz

. The most important form of philosophical skepticism maintains that ________

. Category 2 obstacles to critical thinking include ________

. "Appeal to popularity" refers to ________

. The "subjectivist fallacy" is ________

. If true, the following statement would constitute a good reason for believing that doctor-assisted suicide should be legal in Canada: ________

. The following would be a strong objection to philosophical skepticism: ________

. "Everyone is buying the new Apple iPhone. You should too!" This passage is an example of ________

. A philosophy of life, or a set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life, is called ________

. "How can I know that an external, material world exists outside my mind?" This passage is an example of ________

. Someone who doubts whether we can truly know that 2+2=4 is called a ________

. According to social relativism, the truth of a belief is determined by whether one's society adheres to it.

. When a person strongly believes that a claim is true, it is likely that it is true.

. Self-interested thinking offers strong protection from propaganda and manipulation.

. When someone attempts to establish a conclusion that is in his or her self-interest then that conclusion must be false.

. One important element for counteracting self-interested thinking is to ensure that we take into account all relevant factors when we evaluate a claim.

. According to the text, stereotyping refers to drawing conclusions about people with insufficient reason.

. Ethnocentrism is a kind of group influence that involves seeing one's own group as superior to others.

. A world view is a set of beliefs that are held by almost all cultural groups.

. Self-interested thinking occurs when you accept a claim solely on the basis that it advances or coincides with one's personal interests.

. Bertrand Russell held that strong passions are a sign that one has very strong reasons in favour of one's beliefs.

. One important goal of critical thinking is to eliminate human fallibility.

. For critical thinkers, the best way to deal with the power of the group is to make a conscious effort to proportion your belief to the strength of the reasons in favour of it.

. Appeal to popularity is a type of peer pressure.

. Peer pressure is a kind of group pressure.

. Philosophical skepticism is the view that we know much more than we think we do.

. Category 1 obstacles to critical thinking include ________

. A common flaw in reasoning is the failure to consider evidence or arguments that ________

. Very few people have a worldview.

. The worst approach to gauging the reliability of news sources is to ________

. The lack of respect for the value and rights of people of different races or origins is specifically called ________

. Group pressure that comes from what groups of people do is known as ________

. A judgement or opinion whether positive or negative based on insufficient reasons is called ________

. When we notice certain things and ignore others, when we ignore facts that contradict our beliefs but remain receptive to those that support them, we are engaging in ________

. Philosophers point out that if we could make a statement true just by believing it to be true, we would be ________

. Many critics think that subjective relativism's biggest problem is that it is ________

. If knowledge requires certainty, then it seems that we ________

. Knowledge doesn't require belief beyond all possible doubt but belief that is ________

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