Chapter 04 Level 2 Quiz

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. Our perception and memory are ________.

destructive correct incorrect

recording devices correct incorrect

rarely wrong correct incorrect

constructive correct incorrect

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. Eyewitness testimony is often ________.

authoritative correct incorrect

trustworthy correct incorrect

reliable correct incorrect

unreliable correct incorrect

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. If a claim conflicts with our background information, we have good reason to ________.

believe it correct incorrect

revise it correct incorrect

doubt it correct incorrect

reject it out of hand correct incorrect

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. A good reason for doubting an expert is ________.

political views correct incorrect

numerous awards correct incorrect

bias correct incorrect

ambition correct incorrect

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. It is not reasonable to believe a claim when ________.

there is no good reason for doing so correct incorrect

evidence is available correct incorrect

experts believe it correct incorrect

experts agree correct incorrect

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. Thinking that previous events can affect the probabilities in the random event at hand is known as ________.

the appeal to ignorance correct incorrect

the availability error correct incorrect

the bias fallacy correct incorrect

the gambler's fallacy correct incorrect

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. It is reasonable to accept the evidence provided by personal experience only if ________.

there is no good reason to doubt it correct incorrect

the senses were never impaired in the past correct incorrect

there is no availability error correct incorrect

the senses are constructive correct incorrect

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. When we prefer only evidence that confirms our views, we are guilty of ________.

resisting contrary evidence correct incorrect

fallacious appeals to authority correct incorrect

probability errors correct incorrect

confirmation bias correct incorrect

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. When we rely on evidence only because it is memorable or striking, we are guilty of ________.

confirmation bias correct incorrect

the availability error correct incorrect

resisting contrary evidence correct incorrect

the gambler's fallacy correct incorrect

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. We have good reason to doubt a news report's reliability if ________.

it agrees with other news reports correct incorrect

it conflicts with other reports that we believe are reliable correct incorrect

it agrees with scientific findings correct incorrect

if it is generally consistent with expert opinion correct incorrect

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. We should view all advertising claims with ________.

a sense of trust correct incorrect

a degree of suspicion correct incorrect

complete disbelief correct incorrect

brand loyalty correct incorrect

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. Factors that should lead us to doubt the reliability of our personal experience include ________.

daylight correct incorrect

clear viewing conditions correct incorrect

sensory enhancement correct incorrect

impairment of our senses correct incorrect

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. A common error in assessing probabilities is ________.

mathematical errors correct incorrect

failure to take time into account correct incorrect

relying on our senses correct incorrect

misjudging coincidences correct incorrect

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. A source of error in our perceptions is ________.

rechecking our experiences correct incorrect

retinal displacement correct incorrect

hyper-awareness correct incorrect

expectation correct incorrect

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. An all-too-human tendency is to try to resist ________.

evidence that confirms our cherished beliefs correct incorrect

evidence of any kind correct incorrect

evidence that contradicts our cherished beliefs correct incorrect

expectation correct incorrect

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. A typical case of resisting contrary evidence involves believers in the paranormal who, when confronted with evidence counting against their beliefs, simply ________.

accept the evidence without question correct incorrect

refuse to accept the evidence correct incorrect

withhold their opinion correct incorrect

change their minds correct incorrect

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. The opinion of experts generally carries more weight than our own-but only in their areas of expertise.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The memories of eyewitnesses are almost always trustworthy.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Relying on the best possible evidence when evaluating claims is known as the availability error.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Advertising can be effective even against smart, educated people.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The quality of news reporting has nothing to do with money.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. What we perceive and remember is an exact record of reality.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. In the phenomenon known as pareidolia, we do not see what we expect to see.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Confirmation bias does not affect scientists.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. We generally have good reason to believe advertising claims and to give them the benefit of the doubt.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Humans are very good at estimating probabilities.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. If a claim agrees with our background information, we have reason to tentatively accept it.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. The memories of eyewitnesses are always trusted in a court of law.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Advertising cannot persuade smart, educated people.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect

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. Most reporters are not investigative journalists.

True correct incorrect

False correct incorrect